The Revolutions of 1848

where did the 1848 revolutions start?

italy, then France

what was forced to retreat when the revolutions broke out?

‘the old order’(the church and crown)

what were the political ides motivated behind the revolutionary movements?

• one was liberal and nationalist.

• the other was socialist.

when were the revolutionary ideas of the French Revolution?

• end absolutist rule

• liberalisation of political regimes

• assertion of popular sovereignty

what are the revolutionary action of the French Revolution ?

• seizure of capital buildings

• use of barricades

what are the revolutionary changes of the French Revolution?

• shift from liberalism and nationalists to socialists and anarchists

what was the 1830 revolution shaped by?

French domestic policies

what did liberal argue for?

• constitutional monarchy and reactionaries argued against it.

July and August revolutions occurred whenever…

the political and constitutional clashes were given real momentum as a result of social and political congress.

what were the 1830 revolutions a backdrop of?

• social unrest

• barricades and politics of the street.

• led by ‘the people’,the working class

what were the results of 1830?

• patchy

• constitutional monarchy in France

• Parliamentary reform in Britain

• little success elsewhere

what countries were effected by the 1848 revolution?

• france

• Switzerland

• German and Italian states

• balkan territories of the ottoman empire

who were the protesters?

• peasants

• civil rights movements

• urban working class

• nationalist movements

who were the protesters led by

students and professionals

how did the governements respond?

• panicked

• standing by a lack of professional police forces in major cities some governments called in the army.

what was the change that occurred in 1848?

• new enthusiasm for popular politics

• the communist manifesto: practical need to working class to seize power; shift to left-right class politics.

• divisions between liberals and socialists

1840- springtime of the people

• revolutionary idea shifted from romantic and was replaces by star realities of the barrciade of 1848.

• disapoinment with achievments formed visionary culture.

Louis Napoleon

• Napoleon Bonapartes nephew

• achieved 75% of the vote

• censored the press

• dictatorship built of popular sovereignty

• nationalism as conservatism.