anatomy

Masseter

Masseter

Elevates and protracts mandible.

Digastric

Depresses mandible and elevates hyoid bone during chewing and swallowing.

Sternocleidomastoid

Laterally flexes neck to the same side, rotates head to the opposite side, and pulls head forward and down.

Diaphragm

Upon inhalation, contracts and flattens, enlarging the chest cavity.

Levator Scapulae

Only elevates scapula.

Erector Spinae

Extends and laterally flexes the back, maintains correct posture and curvature of the spinal column.

Latissimus Dorsi

Extends shoulder, depresses and retracts shoulder, adducts and rotates arm medially.

External Oblique

Compresses abdomen, flexes and rotates vertebral column.

Rectus Abdominis

Compresses abdomen, flexes vertebral column (does not rotate).

Trapezius

Rotates and retracts scapula. Superior portion elevates scapula, inferior portion depresses scapula.

Rhomboid Major

Retracts, elevates, and rotates scapula.

Rhomboid Minor

Retracts and elevates scapula (does not rotate).

Pectoralis Major

Flexes shoulder, adducts, and rotates arm medially.

Pectoralis Minor

Depresses and protracts scapula, elevates ribs during forceful inhalation.

Deltoid

Lateral portion abducts arm, anterior portion flexes shoulder, posterior portion extends shoulder.

Supraspinatus

Abducts arm (moves away from midline).

Infraspinatus

Rotates arm laterally.

Subscapularis

Rotates arm medially.

Teres Minor

Rotates arm laterally.

Biceps Brachii

Flexes elbow, supinates forearm and hand.

Brachioradialis

Flexes elbow.

Triceps Brachii

Extends elbow.

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexes wrist and adducts hand.

Palmaris Longus

Flexes wrist.

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexes wrist and abducts hand.

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extends wrist and adducts hand.

Extensor Digiti Minimi

Extends the fifth digit at its metacarpophalangeal joint.

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis + Longus

Extends wrist and abducts hand.

Gluteus Maximus

Extends hip.

Tensor Fascia Latae

Abducts thigh, flexes hip, and rotates thigh medially.

Adductor Longus

Adducts thigh and flexes hip.

Gracilis

Adducts thigh and flexes knee.

Sartorius

Flexes knee and hip, abducts and rotates thigh laterally, and rotates leg medially.

Rectus Femoris

Extends knee, flexes hip.

Vastus Lateralis

Extends knee.

Vastus Intermedius

Extends knee.

Vastus Medialis

Extends knee.

Biceps Femoris

Flexes knee, rotates leg laterally, and extends hip.

Semimembranosus

Flexes knee, rotates leg medially, and extends hip.

Tibialis Anterior

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot.

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexion of foot, flexes knee.

Soleus

Plantar flexion of foot.