Speech and Language Development Final Exam

What are the stages of reading development?

1. Emergent Reader

2. Developing Reader

3. Independent Reader

What describes an emergent reader?

• recognizes signs and logos

• left to right orientation

• pretend to read

What describes a developing reader?

• understands print has meaning

• will make approximations and self-correct

What describes an independent reader?

• clear attention to text meaning

• read books to acquire knowledge

• reads varying genres

By the end of what grade should a child be reading independently?

2nd

What are the two basic components of reading?

decoding and language comprehension

What is bottom-up processing? (AKA “learning to read stage”)

decoding or sounding out words and sight word reading

K-3rd grade

What is top-down processing? (AKA “reading to learn stage”)

comprehension of written material and making inferences and hypotheses

3rd grade and beyond

When does the combination of bottom-up and top-down processing occur?

When you come across a new word at any age

What are the stages of writing in order?

1. Preliterate

2. Early Emergent

3. Emergent

4. Transitional

5. Fluent Writing

Features of Preliterate

drawing and scribbling

Features of Early Emergent

letter like forms

Features of Emergent

letter strings and letters

Features of Transitional

invented spelling

Features of Fluent Writing

conventional spelling

Assimilation

the process in which a person total embraces the new culture they are in

Acculturation

a person identifies with their primary culture as well as the new host culture

What are variables that influence language acquisition?

• gender

• race

• SES

• peer group

What is the role of a SLP in working w/ children speaking a nonmainstream American English dialect?

• knowing the difference between a difference vs. disorder

• all dialects of mainstream English are valid and sound, so as a SLP you need to know the different characteristics so you can decide if there is a need for treatment or not

In what ways must we consider cultural diversity in our treatment process?

As a clinician we have to provide culturally responsive and clinically competent services during all