9/24 - part 2 -Electron Transport Chain Lecture Review

Flashcards covering the components, processes, and locations of the electron transport chain in eukaryotic cells, with a comparison to bacteria.

Eukaryotic Electron Transport Chain Location

Embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, requiring mitochondria.

Cytoplasm

The liquidy stuff outside the mitochondria, but within the cell.

Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

The outermost membrane of the mitochondrion.

Intermembrane Space

The space between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.

Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

The inner folded membrane of the mitochondrion where the electron transport chain is located.

Cristae

Folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Matrix

The liquidy stuff (juicy innards) inside the inner mitochondrial membrane.

NAD+ and FAD

Oxidized electron shuttles that return to pick up more electrons and hydrogens after dropping them off at the electron transport chain.

NADH and FADH2

Reduced electron shuttles that drop off electrons and hydrogens at the start of the electron transport chain.

Oxidation

The process where electron shuttles like NADH and FADH2 lose electrons and hydrogens, reverting to NAD+ and FAD.

Electron Transport Chain Function (Electrons)

Electrons are passed down a series of electron acceptor/donor complexes from one to another.

Oxygen (O2)

The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Water (H2O)

Formed when oxygen (O2) picks up the last electrons and becomes reduced.

Proton Pumps (Complex I, III, IV)

Specific members of the electron transport chain (Complexes 1, 3, and 4) that pump hydrogen ions.

Hydrogen Ions (Protons)

Moved by proton pumps from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

Active Transport

The process by which proton pumps move hydrogen ions from a low concentration area (matrix) to a high concentration area (intermembrane space), requiring energy.

Power Source for Proton Pumps

The movement of electrons through the electron transport chain generates the power to operate the proton pumps.

ATP Synthase

A protein that acts as both a transport channel for hydrogen ions and an enzyme to synthesize ATP.

ATP Synthesis

Occurs as hydrogen ions pass through ATP synthase, powering the enzyme to add phosphate groups to ADP to make ATP.

ATP Yield (Eukaryotic)

Approximately 30-37 ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule fully oxidized through glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain in a eukaryotic cell.

Glycolysis Location (Eukaryotic)

Occurs in the cytoplasm.

Bacterial Glycolysis

Also occurs in the cytoplasm, as it does for all cells.

Bacterial Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) Location

Occurs in the cytoplasm.

Bacterial Electron Transport Chain Location

Embedded in their plasma membrane, as bacteria do not have mitochondria. The setup is similar to the eukaryotic version.