AP bio ch5 and 6

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Plasma membrane

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37 Terms

1

Plasma membrane

A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that surrounds both cells and organelles

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2

Fluid Mosaic Model

model that explains the structure of cell membranes

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3

Recognition protein:

Cell surface markers that identify cell types

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4

Receptor proteins:

Proteins that recognize and bind to substances outside of the cell

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5

Transport protein:

Protein that helps substances move across cell membrane

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6

Enzyme:

Protein that assist chemical reactions inside cell

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7

Peripheral proteins:

Proteins loosely attached to the surface of the membrane

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8

Integral proteins

Proteins that penetrate hydrophobic core

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9

Diffusion:

Process of random movement toward a state of equilibrium

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10

Concentration

The amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent

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11

Concentration gradient:

A difference in concentration of a substance across the space

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12

Equilibrium:

Condition in which the concentration of a substance is equal throughout

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13

Passive transport:

Movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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14

Simple diffusion:

Random movement of molecules through the lipid bilayer of a membrane

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15

Osmosis:

Special kind of diffusion that involves the movement of water through membrane

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16

Hypertonic

An adjective describing a solution that has a higher solute concentration than another solution

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17

Hypotonic:

An adjective describing a solution that has a lower solute concentration than another solution

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18

Isotonic:

Adjective describing a solution that has an equal solute concentration as another solution

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19

Facilitated Diffusion:

Proteins assisting in moving molecules across the membrane, down the gradient

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20

Channel Proteins:

Proteins that go completely through the membrane and provide a safe passage through a polar core

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21

Carrier Proteins:

Proteins which bind to the molecules to shield them from the interior of the membrane and change shape to transport them across the membrane

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22

Active transport:

Transport of material across the cell membrane that goes up the concentration gradient

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23

Sodium potassium pump:

A carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell and potassium ions (K+) into the cell

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24

Bulk transport:

Moving large quantities of materials into or out of cell

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25

Endocytosis:

Process by which material is brought into a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and the formation of a vesicle

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26

Exocytosis:

Process by which material is pushed out of a cell by invagination of the plasma membrane and the formation of a vesicle

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27

Coupled Transport

The movement of more than one molecule at the same time across a cell membrane.

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28

Symport

A mechanism of transport across a membrane in which two different molecules move in the same direction in a coupled transport

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29

Uniport

A mechanism of transport across a membrane in which only one molecule at a time passes across the membrane.

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30

Antiport

A mechanism of transport across a membrane in which two different molecules move in opposite directions in a coupled transport

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31

Phagocytosis

"cell eating" type of endocytosis in which large particles are taken in by the cell

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32

Pinocytosis

"cell drinking" type of endocytosis in which liquids or very small particles are taken in by cells

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33

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Type of pinocytosis that is very specific and efficient in which specific molecules can be brought into the cell and are determined by receptors

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34

Cell junctions

Special membranes, formed by cells, that allow cells to attach to one another, communicate with one another, and exchange materials with one another

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35

Desmosome

A strong cell to cell junction that attaches adjacent cells to one another

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36

Tight Junction:

Leak proof junction that creates tight seal between cells

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37

Gap Junction:

Form channels between adjacent cells and allow communication between cells with the exchange of materials

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