UNIT 2 - Cells Structure and Function | AP Biology

Currently only updated to current notes; it will be updated more as time passes.

Compare nucleus of prokaryote and eurkaryote

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus and Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus with DNA

Where is DNA kept in a prokaryotic cell?

The nucleoid

Compare Organelles of prokaryote and eurokaryote?

Prokaryote has no membrane-bound Organelles, eukaryote has membrane-bound organelles

What type of organisms are prokaryotic?

Bacteria and Archaea

What type of organisms are eukaryotic?

Plants, animals, fungi, protista

What limits the size of Eukaryotes?

Metabolic activities

What are the 4 basic features of all cells?

Plasma membrane (semi-permeable), Cytosol (cytoplasm/Organelles), Chromosomes (genes), Ribosomes (proteins)

What is the structure of a Eurkaryotic membrane?

Membrane divides the cell into compartments, made of phospholipids (heads hydrophilic, tails hydrophobic), double layered, semi-permeable

What are physical properties of the nucleus?

Large, spherical, largest and most obvious organelle. Covered by a nuclear membrane with pores; has a nucleolus inside

What does the nucleus do?

Stores DNA and information

What does the nuclear envelope do?

Barrier b/w nucleus and cyotoplasm, controls selective (semi-permeable) passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus via nuclear pores

What does the nucleolus do?

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

What are ribosomes made of?

rRNA and proteins

What do ribosomes do?

Uses info from DNA to make proteins (protein factories)

What type of ribosomes are in cytosol?

Free ribosomes

What type of ribosomes are on the outside of the rough endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear envelope?

Bound ribosomes

What does the endoplasmic reticulum do?

Extension of nuclear envelope, a biosynthetic factory split into smooth ER and rough ER, most of the cell mass

What does the smooth ER do?

Synthesizes lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium, detoxifies poison

What does the rough ER do?

Bound ribosomes, makes proteins and membranes

What are the physical flattened, membranous sacs on the golgi apparatus?

Cisternae

What does the golgi apparatus do?

Shipping, modification, and packaging center for products of the ER; sorts materials into transport vesicles and manufactures certain macromolecules

How do the chemical modifications from the golgi apparatus affect proteins?

Mediated by enzymes, determines function, stability, folding, and target location (where they’re going)

What is an example of protein modification from golgi apparatus?

Glycosylation: carb attaches to functional group