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Variations in seeking treatment are influenced by
the severity, duration, and disruptiveness of one’s symptoms and by the reactions of friends and family
Type A personality- includes three elements:
Strong competitive orientation
Impatience and time urgency
Anger and hostility
Stress and Cancer onset
There is no direct evidence that stress causes the onset of cancer
Stress and Immune Functioning
Stress can decrease immune functioning
Stress Research
Virtually all research is correlational
Unrealistic Optimism
awareness that certain health related behaviors are dangerous, but erroneously view those dangers as risks for others, not ourselves
How long it takes health risks to decline to a normal level after smoking
15 years
Benefits of exercise you find enjoyable
The kind that you enjoy because it will make it easier to follow-through and continue to exercise regularly.
Tolerance
progressive decrease in person’s responsiveness to a drug with continued use
Physical dependence
when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness
Psychological dependence
when a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for it
Narcotics
derived from opium – pain-relievers
Greatest risk of overdose
Biological factors
Infectious agents
environmental toxins
genetic predisposition
physiological reactivity
immune response
Social (system) factors:
Medical care
Sanitation
pollution control
health education
social support
Psychological (behavioral) factors:
Reactions to illness,
health-related habits
Personality
coping tactics
stress
Stress and Health Relationship
Research consistently indicates modest relationship between stress and health
A complex network of biopsychosocial factors influence health:
Genetic endowment
Exposure to infectious agents and environmental toxins Lifestyle habits
Use of medical care and cooperation with medical advice