Philosophy Fallacies

Soundness

A trait of an argument signifying that all premises are true and the conclusion follows from them.

Validity

A property of an argument where if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true, but does not require that the premises actually be true.

Slippery Slope

A fallacy claiming that a course of action will lead to unintended, negative consequences.

Hasty Generalization

A fallacy where a conclusion is based on an atypical sample rather than a representative one.

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc

A fallacy assuming that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.

Ad hominem

A fallacy that attacks a person's character or personal traits instead of engaging with their argument.

Appeal to (false) authority

A fallacy that relies on the opinion of someone who is not an expert in the relevant field.

Red Herring

A fallacy that introduces irrelevant information to divert attention from the main topic.