CCNA Introduction to Networks Chapter 2-Karteikarten | Quizlet

NVRAM

startup config is stored in NVRAM

IOS

stored in flash and RAM

Context sensitive help

provides the user with a list of commands and the arguments associated with those commands within the current mode of a networking device

syntax checker

provides error checks on submitted commands

To quickly see new banner message

While at the privileged mode prompt such as Router#, type exit,press Enter

Control Z

Exits configuration mode and returns to the EXEC

Control Shift 6

Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such as ping or traceroute

Control C

cancels any command currently being entered and returns directly to privileged EXEC mode

kernel

part of operating system that interacts directly with hardware

shell

part of os that interacts with application & user

kernel

communicates between the hardware & software of the computer and manages how hardware resources are used to meet software requirements

shell

the user interface that allows users to request specific tasks from the computer. These requests can be made either through CLI or GUI interfaces.

firmware

operating system on home router

operating system

Infrastructure network devices use a network operating system.

IOS

network operating system used on Cisco devices - Cisco Internetwork Operating System

CLI

most common methos of accessing IOS

IOS

several meg in size & stored in semi-permanent memory called flash

non-volatile storage

"data not lost when power is lost, but can be changed or overwritten; can have multiple versions of IOS"

RAM

the IOS is copied from flash & runs in RAM which is volatile; IOS running in RAM is faster than from flash

Functions of Cisco routers & switches

"1) provide network security 2) IP addressing of virtual & physical interfaces 3) enabling interface-specific configurations to optimize connectivity of the respective media routing 4) enabling QoS technologies 5) supporting network management technologies

respective media"

CCO

Cisco Connection Online

Cisco website

www.cisco.com

K9

supports encryption

console

out of band access - don't need network access

telnet & SSH

require an active networking interface to work

CLI

uses a hierarchical structure for its modes

hierarchy

user exec -> Privelege exec -> global config -> Interface/router/switch/line

Global config

setting name of host

passwords

different authentication/password can be set for each hierarchical level

>

user exec mode

#

privilege exec mode

user exec mode

view only; remote access

configure terminal

takes from priv exec to global config

exit

to go back to global configuration mode from submode

end or Control Z

to exit configuration mode all together

Priv exec mode

sometimes called enable mode

disable

to go from priv exec to user exec

if type exit in priv exec mode ?

session ends

exit

"when in config mode, to move up one hierarchy level"

end or Control Z

to move from any submode to priv exec

global config submode

"to move from any submode of global configuration to another ""immediate"" submode, type in the submode command as you would if you were at global config level"

disable

to leave priv exec

exit

"if entered when in priv exec, leaves console session\"

keywords

determine where or how to execute; predefined words

commands

not case sensitive

argument

not a predefined word; it is a value or variable defined by user

syntax

provides pattern or format that must be entered

Out-of-band access

refers to access via a dedicated management channel that is used for device maintenance purposes only.

console

"by default, conveys the device startup, debugging, and error messages."

Lost password

"In the event that a password is lost, there is a special set of procedures for bypassing the password and accessing the device"

telnet & SSH

Cisco devices have telnet/SSH services to allow connections in & out

SSH

secure shell

SSH

provides a remote login like telnet but more secure

SSH

provides stronger password authentication & encryption when transporting data

AUX

"functions like console in that you don't need a network connection; however, it does not show device startup, debugging, and error messages by default"

Console

"Console is preferred over AUX because Console displays startup, debugging, and error message information by default."

Cisco Catalyst Switches

do not support AUX

Console connection

is a serial connection

Examples of terminal emulators

"Putty, Terra Term, SecureCRT, HyperTerminal, OS X Terminal"

AUX

can connect a modem to it & access it out of band like sitting at console

Mode for ping

User exec mode

Cisco IOS Command Reference

"Syntax, Default, Mode, History, Usage Guidelines, Examples"

Cisco IOS Command Reference

www.cisco.com->Support->Networkng Software->15.2M&T->Reference Guides->CommandReferences

?

to access context sensitive help -> immediate response -> no need to press enter key

IOS

"generally only provides negative feedback when a command is entered; if nothing is returned, the command was done successfully"

Command Sytax Check errors that can be returned

1) incomplete command 2) ambiguous command 3) invalid input

Incomplete command

the IOS returns a help message indicating that required keywords or arguments wree left off the end of the command.

Ambiguous command

The IOS returns a help message to indicate that there were not enough characters entered for the command interpreter to recognize the command

Invalid input

the IOS returns a ^ to indicate where the command interpreter can not decipher the command

Down arrow

scroll forward through former commands

Up arrow

scroll backward through former commands

tab

completes the remainder of a partially typed commad or keyword

Ctrl-A

moves to the beginning of a line

Ctrl-E

moves to the end of a line

Ctrl-R

redisplays a line

Ctrl-Z

Exits the configuration mode & returns to priv exec mode

Ctrl-C

interrupts the entry of a command & exits config mode

Ctrl-Shift-6

allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such as ping or traceroute

At the More prompt - Enter key

displays the next line

At the More prompt - Space bar

displays the next screen

At the More prompt - any key

"ends the display string, returning to privileged EXEC mode"

Backspace

Erases the character to the left of the cursor

Ctrl-P

displays previously entered commands

Ctrl-N

scrolls forward through the history to display the more recent commands

Show

basic examination command

show interfaces

displays statistics for all interfaces on the device

show startup-config

displays the saved configuration located in NVRAM

show running-config

displays the contents of the currently running configuration file

more prompt

when a command returns more output than can be displayed on a single screen

show version

"displays information about the currently loaded IOS version, along with hardware & device information"

USB Console port

some routers have a USB console port in addition to the serial console port

Serial Console port

nearly all Cisco devices have a serial console port

PC->Cisco switch

connect a PC to a Cisco switch with a rollover console cable

RJ-45

Connect the rollover console cable to the RJ-45 console port on the switch

Serial COM port

Serial COM ports are no longer available on most computers today; A USB-to-DB9 adapter can be used with the rollover console cable

USB-to-DB9 adapter

converts serial to USB

Default paramaters for console port

"9600 baud rate, 8 bit data, 1 stop bit, no flow control"

mini-USB cable

used to access USB ort on router console port