Norman Church and Monasteries

Give three ways that the Anglo-Saxon Church received its wealth.

rent, tithes, fees for funerals/weddings

Give four reasons why many people thought the Anglo-Saxon Church was corrupt.

priests broke Church rules, priests were married, Church used English and Latin, priests were uneducated

Who did Lanfranc have to compete with for the role of leading the English Church?

Thomas, Archbishop of York

What three abuses of power did Lanfranc ban?

pluralism, simony, nepotism

Give three other reforms that Lanfranc made to the English Church.

cathedrals moved to bigger towns/cities, developed role of parish priest, clergy no longer allowed to marry

Give the order of the new Church hierarchy under Lanfranc’s reforms, from the most powerful to the least powerful.

Pope, Archbishops, bishops, archdeacons, deans, parish priests

How did the number of parish priests change under Norman control?

doubled

What did Lanfranc’s special Church courts deal with?

trying clergymen, spiritual offences of ordinary people

How did the number of churches change in the 100 years that followed the Norman Conquest?

doubled

Give three reasons why the Normans rebuilt English churches to be more gothic and stone.

showed they had God’s favour, showed William was legitimate ruler, for penance

Give three reasons why the Church did not like William Rufus.

wasn’t religious, wanted money from Church, likely homosexual

Briefly describe the conflict between William Rufus and William of St Calais.

St Calais told William about a plot and agreed to send troops to help, never actually sent troops, wanted to be tried in Church courts but William refused, St Calais found guilty and exiled

Why did relations between William the Conqueror and Pope Gregory VII decline?

William didn’t want to swear loyalty to Pope and wanted bishops to report to him not Pope

Why were relations between William Rufus and Pope Gregory VII poor?

Pope wanted to be able to appoint bishops, William refused

What is lay investiture?

non-churchman (king) would appoint bishops

What compromise was agreed in the Concordat of London, after the Pope threatened to excommunicate King Henry I?

Henry couldn’t appoint bishops but could demand loyalty in exchange for lands

Give four things that monks/monasteries did.

wrote books, ran schools, sheltered travellers, treated sick

Give the eight Benedictine rules of monasticism.

poverty, chastity, obedience, simplicity, prayer, work, silence, service

Give three reasons why the Normans wanted to reform English monasteries.

decline in monasteries, lower standards, monks lived in luxury

Give four of Lanfranc’s monastic reforms.

new words of service, new hierarchy, new rules about creation of saints, Benedictine rules

By 1086, how many Anglo-Saxon monks were there in England?

three

Between 1066 and 1135, how did the number of monasteries in England change?

from 60 to over 250

Give three reasons why Cluniac monasteries were different to other English monasteries.

Benedictine rules applied strictly, recruited manual labourers, were independent

Give three impacts of Cluniac monasteries in England.

24 priories by 1135, showed importance of monastic discipline, improved monastic standards

Why was the Cistercian order created in 1098?

thought Cluniacs weren’t strict enough

Where did Cistercians settle?

remote places in northern England

Give four tasks that monks would perform.

caring for animals, tending sick, working in kitchens, working in gardens

Give three roles of monasteries as centres of learning.

wrote books, provided education to rich, kept historical records

Give four features of the curriculum in Church schools.

Latin, arithmetic, astronomy, music

What language did the upper and middle classes speak?

Norman French

What language did the poor speak?

English