Japanese Verb Conjugations

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32 Terms

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Dictionary/Casual - Ichidan

End with -eru 食べる or -iru 見る but there are some exceptions, some verbs aren’t ichidan and are godan even though they end with ‘ru’

exceptions (these are godan):

はしる (to run)

しる (to know)

かえる (to return home, to go back)

はいる (to enter, go in)

きる (to cut)

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Dictionary/Casual - Godan

Ends with -u of any hirgana chart line, e.g. (ku, bu, nu, su)

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Polite - Ichidan

Drop る, Add ます

e.g. たべる to たべます

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Polite - Godan

Change -u ending to -i ending + ます

e.g. のむ to のみます

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Polite - Irregular

きる becomes きます

する becomes します

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て form - Ichidan

Remove る Add て

e.g. 見る becomes 見て

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て form - Godan

Depending on its ending (depending on ます base):

い、ち、り = って

び、み、に = んで

き = いて

ぎ = いで

し = して (Irregular)

Exception: 行き becomes 行って and not 行いて

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Past - Ichidan

Turn verb from て form and replace て with た

e.g. 見て becomes 見た

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Past - Godan

Turn verb from て form and replace て with た

で becomes だ

e.g. のんで becomes のんだ

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Continuous - Ichidan (~ing)

て form + いる

e.g. 見て becomes 見ている

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Continuous - Godan (~ing)

て form + いる

or で

e.g. のんで becomes のんでいる

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Negative and Past Negative - Ichidan

Drop る Add ない

e.g. 見る becomes 見ない

Past - Drop ない Add なかった

e.g. 見ない becomes 見なかった

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Negative and Past Negative - Godan

Change -u/-i ending to -a ending

e.g. のむ becomes のま, then Add ない

のまない

Past

Drop ない Add なかった

e.g. のまない becomes のまなかった

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Negative and Past Negative - Irregular

きる becomes きない and きなかった

する becomes

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Passive - Ichidan (to be _____) verb was done to someone or something

Drop る Add られる

e.g. たべる becomes たべられる (to be eaten)

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Passive - Godan (to be _____)

-a ending + れる

depending on -u ending

e.g.

 → 会われる
 → 立たれる
 → 写される
 → 割られる
 → 書かれる
 → 泳がれる
 → 死なれる
 → 学ばれる
 → 休まれる

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Passive - Irregular (to be _____)

きる becomes きられる

する becomes される

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Causative - Ichidan (someone is forced or allowed to do the action)

食べ → 食べさせる

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Causative - Godan (someone is forced or allowed to do the action)

 → 会わせる
 → 立たせる
 → 写させる
 → 割らせる
 → 書かせる
 → 泳がせる
 → 死なせる
 → 学ばせる
 → 休ませる

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Causative - Irregular (someone is forced or allowed to do the action)

来る  →  来させる   
する → させる

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