Respiratory System Structures and Functions

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the structures and functions of the respiratory system.

Gas Exchange

The primary purpose of the respiratory system, involving the transfer of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and blood.

Upper Respiratory Tract

The part of the respiratory system that includes the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea.

Bronchi

The major air passages from the trachea to the lungs, leading to the bronchioles.

Alveoli

The primary site for gas exchange, consisting of tiny air sacs in the lungs.

Surfactant

A lipoprotein secreted by alveoli to reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse.

Atelectasis

The condition of collapsed alveoli, often seen during anesthesia or Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).

Mediastinum

The space in the chest between the lungs that contains the heart, aorta, and esophagus.

Ventilation

The process of inspiration and expiration, driven by changes in intrathoracic pressure.

Compliance

A measure of the ease of lung expansion; reduced compliance indicates difficulty in lung inflation.

Chemoreceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to changes in carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and pH levels, influencing the respiratory rate.

Mucociliary Clearance

The mechanism responsible for clearing mucus and pathogens from the respiratory tract.

Cough Reflex

A protective mechanism in the respiratory system that helps expel irritants and secretions.

Hypoxia

A deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues.

Oximetry

A noninvasive method of measuring the oxygen saturation of arterial blood.

ABGs (Arterial Blood Gases)

A test to assess oxygenation and acid-base balance in the blood.

Sputum Studies

Diagnostic tests to analyze the volume, color, and viscosity of mucus produced in the respiratory system.