AP Bio - Chapter 2 Review

what makes water polar?

water is polar because of the position of the unpaired valence electrons on oxygen. Since the oxygen pulls the electrons more toward itself, it creates an unequal sharing of valence electrons. Oxygen has a strong stronger pull on the valence electrons because it is more electronegative than hydrogen.

explain how waters hydrogen bonding contributes to its unique properties

Hydrogen bonding contributes to waters unique properties because they stick to each other ( hydrogen to oxygen ). When the hydrogen of water molecules bond to one another, it makes water, cohesive, high specific heat, be a good solvent, and make ice less dense than water.

what is one of water’s properties? 1/4

water is cohesive, meaning that it can attach itself to other water molecules. This is important to life because it allows water to travel through the xylem, into plants, and plant need water to go through.

what is one of water’s properties? 2/4

Water has a high specific heat. This is important to life because it allows aquatic ecosystems to maintain a stable temperature. In the summer water can absorb a lot of heat without actually changing its temperature, and the water releases it’s heat when winter is around.

what is one of Waters properties 3/4

Water is a great solvent. This is important to life because it allows chemicals to be broken down inside the human body, which can allow necessary nutrients enter the body and be absorbed for growth

what is one of water’s properties 4/4

ice is less than water. This is because waters atoms expand when it freezes, and formed a crystal structure that makes ice less dense. This is important to life because it causes ice to float, which prevents glaciers from singing into the ocean and disrupting aquatic life

what property of water contributes to pH?

Since water is a good solvent, it means that it can break itself apart, And create hydronium ions as well as hydroxide ions. If water dissolves a solute and releases, hydrogen ions, the solution becomes acidic. If hydrogen ions are released, the solution becomes more basic.

why is it important to maintain specific pH levels in living organisms?

A specific pH must be maintained because if something is too acidic or two basic, cellular processes may be disrupted. For example, example enzymes need a certain pH to work correctly..

what specific pH range should human blood be maintained?

A pH around 7.3 to 7.4

what makes an aqueous solution acidic?

An aqueous solution becomes acidic when it has more hydrogen atoms.

what makes an aqueous solution basic

an aqueous solution becomes more basic when it has less hydrogen atoms. A base can also form if water dissolves a solid, and it releases Hydroxide ions

what are buffers and why are they important?

Buffers are important because it maintains homeostasis

when something is too acidic →hydroxide ions are released

if something is more basic → hydrogen ions are being absorbed

how to solve for pH, if given the hydronium ion concentration

- log ( H3O ) and round to nearest hundredth

how to solve for pH if given the hydroxide ion concentration

-log ( OH ) and then with that number, I would subtract it from 14