Tech Bowl 3

Hooke's Law

The law stating that the stress of a solid is directly proportional to the strain applied to it

Modulus of Elasticity

The ratio of the increment of some specified form of stress to the increment of some specified form of strain, such as Young's modulus, the bulk modulus, or the shear modulus. Also known as coefficient of elasticity, elasticity modulus, elastic modulus

Nondestructive Testing

Test methods used to examine an object, material, or system without impairing its future usefulness

Problem Solving

The ability to get answers to questions through a conscious, organized process. The answers are usually, but not necessarily, quantitative

Proportional Limit

Point at which the deformation is no longer directly proportional to the applied force. Hooke's Law no longer applies

Quality Control

Operational techniques necessary to satisfy all quality requirements; includes process monitoring and the elimination of root causes of unsatisfactory product or service quality performance

Reliability

The probability that a component part, equipment, or system will satisfactorily perform its intended function under given circumstances, such as environmental conditions, limitations as to operating time, and frequency and thoroughness of maintenance for a specified period of time

Resilience

A mechanical property of a material that shows how effective the material is absorbing mechanical energy without sustaining any permanent damage

Rupture Strength

Nominal stress developed in a material at rupture. Not necessarily equal to ultimate strength. Since necking is not taken into account in determining rupture strength, seldom indicates true stress at rupture

Shear Stress

A measure of how easily a material can be twisted

Standard Deviation

A statistical measurement of variability

Statistics

The collection and analysis of numerical data in large quantities

Strain

Change in the length of an object in some direction per unit

Stress

The force acting across a unit area in a solid material resisting the separation, compacting, or sliding that tends to be induced by external forces

Stress-Strain Curve

Graphical representation of a material's mechanical properties

Tension

The condition of a string, wire, or rod that is stretched between two points

Toughness

Mechanical property of a material that indicates the ability of the material to handle overloading before it fractures

Ultimate Stress

Sometimes referred to as tensile strength; determined by measuring the maximum load a material specimen can carry when in the shape of a rectangular bar or cylindrical can

Variance

The average of the squared differences from the mean

Accuracy

A description of how close a measurement is to the true value of the quantity measured.

Bar Chart

Categorical data graph.

Bayes' Theorem

The probability of an event occurring based upon other event probabilities.

Data

Numbers or information describing some characteristic.

Data Variation

Measure of data scatter.

Deviation

Amount of difference between a value and the mean.

Experiment

An activity with observable results.

Event

A subset of a sample space.

Frequency Distribution

A summary chart, showing how frequently each of the various scores in a set of data occurs

Histogram

Frequency distribution graph.

Mean

Arithmetic average.

Mean Deviation

Measure of variation equal to the sum of the deviations of each value from the mean.

Median

Middle value of a set of values arranged in order of magnitude.

Mode

The value that occurs most frequently.

Normal Distribution

Bell-shaped probability distribution.

Outcome

The result of an experiment.

Pie Chart

A form of graph which represents percentage values as segments of a circle.

Probability

The calculated likelihood that a given event will occur.

Process Control

To monitor and control a process so that the quality of the output/product improves.

Qualitative Data

Values that possess names or labels.

Quantitative Data

Values that represent a measurable quantity.

Quality Assurance

The use of quality control techniques associated with a process.

Reliability

The probability of satisfactory operation of the product in a given environment over a specified time interval.

Sample Space

A set of all possible outcomes or events in an experiment that cannot be further broken down.

Standard Deviation

The square root of the variance.

Statistics

The collection, evaluation, and interpretation of data.

Statistical Process Control

SPC is a method of monitoring, controlling, and ideally improving a process through statistical analysis. Its four basic steps include measuring the process, eliminating variances in the process to make it consistent, monitoring the process, and improving the process to its best target value.

Tolerance

The difference between the maximum and minimum dimensions allowed within the design of a product.

Variance

The difference between samples.

Universal System Model

A flowchart style diagram that can be used to break down any system, natural, social, or technological, into it's different parts.