Formation of Nation States and Rule of Law

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the formation of nation-states, the rule of law, and political culture as discussed in the lecture.

Nation-States

Large political entities characterized by defined borders, large populations, and consisting of mostly non-related individuals.

Rule of Law

A principle that laws apply equally to all individuals, limiting the powers of the government.

Common Law

A legal system based on precedent and judicial decisions, originating from England after the Norman Conquest.

Precedent

Legal principle where past court decisions guide future rulings.

Serfdom

A feudal system where peasants are bound to the land and work for lords in exchange for basic shelter or food.

Decentralized Government

A political system where local elites hold power, limiting the central authority of the state.

Absolutism

A political system where a single ruler holds all power, often without limitations imposed by laws or institutions.

Third Estate

The urban middle class in France that pushed for accountability and democracy, playing a critical role in the French Revolution.

Liberalism

A political philosophy emphasizing individual rights and limited government.

Roman Catholic Church

The Christian church led by the Pope, which historically provided legal and moral authority in Europe.

Protestant Reformation

A movement in the 16th century that challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, promoting individual religious interpretation.

Canon Law

The body of laws established by ecclesiastical authority, particularly the Roman Catholic Church.

Mongol Influence

The impact of Mongol rule on Russia, leading to authoritarian governance and disruption of local development.

Hayek's View on Rule of Law

The idea that rule of law evolves gradually through tradition and experience rather than being created instantly.

Rente System

A tax collection system where kings sold rights to collect taxes to elites, weakening central authority.

Patronage System

A system in which government positions are given based on loyalty rather than merit.

Diet (Council of Elites)

An assembly of regional elites in Hungary that gained power over the king, contributing to a decentralized government.

Latifundia

Large family-owned plantations established in Spanish colonies, leading to elite domination in Latin America.

Political Accountability

The principle that the state must answer to the public rather than act solely in its own interest.

Centralized State

A political system with strong control exercised by a central authority over local regions.

Cultural Identity of Rule of Law

The integration of rule of law into national culture, often viewed as a natural or divinely inspired principle.