Chin Path 2 microbiology

All bacteria have a capsule.

False

Which of the following diseases is believed to be caused by prions?

Mad Cow Disease

The purpose of the Gram's Iodine in the Gram Staining procedure is to:

Fix the Crystal Violet to the cell wall

This disease is endemic in the central and eastern US where about 80% of people have titers.

Histoplasma capsulatum

Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound nucleus.

True

Antibiotics are not effective against viruses because

viruses don't have the structures or metabolic processes that are targeted by antibiotics

Two viral forms of kennel cough are canine adenovirus type 2 and canine parainfluenza.

True

Streptococus is a

gram positive cocci

This gram positive, acid-fast, non-motile, non-spore forming bacillus can be found in humans, cattle, birds, and swine. It has human health significance in that the human form can be transmitted via aerosolization and anyone can become infected.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

This organism causes parrot fever, a zoonotic disease.

Chlamydia psittaci

Spores can often be identified as

as white areas on the gram stain

Bacteria reproduce by means of

binary fission

Which of the following bacterial agents MIGHT be found in aborted fetal bovine tissues and fluids?

Leptospiria

This general class of bacteria cause abscesses, diarrhea, pneumonia, urinary tract Infections, ear infections, skin infections.

Enterobacteriacae

Feline rhinotracheitis is cause by the herpesvirus.

True

How can you differentiate E. Coli from Klebsiella, both enteric bacteria?

E. coli is motile and Klebsiella is not.

Mad cow disease is caused by

prions

Which bacteria forms endospores, survives harsh conditions within the soil, and has been used as a terrorist weapon.

Bacillus anthracis

Cryptococcus neoformans is a capsulated yeast and causes nasal fungal disease in the dog and cat.

True

Viruses require a host cell to survive.

True

A positive coagulase test will have which indication?

Clotting

Binary fission is the primarily method of reproduction in which organisms?

Bacteria

An organism with a spore located in the center of the cell would be which of the following?

Bacillus anthracis

What is the primary stain used in the Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique?

Dimethyl sulfoxide

If a slant agar is to be inoculated with bacteria, which is the best technique to inoculate only the surface of the slant?

Slant S

An experienced technician can recognize some bacteria just by looking at the colony. What characteristic can be used to describe the texture of a colony?

Mucoid

Organisms that are spherical cells are classified as which of the following?

Cocci

The veterinarian would like to have a culture and sensitivity test completed on a cat with a suspected urinary tract infection. Which collection method is the best to collect samples for this test?

Cystocentesis

Which organisms reproduce through a budding process?

Yeast

A patient is suspected of having parainfluenza and it is not possible to get the sample to the lab for testing for 48 hours. What is the best option for preserving this sample?

Freeze to -20

What percentage of dermatophyte infections in cats is due to Microsporum canis?

95%

Which type of culture medium allows bacteria to group themselves by biochemical reactions?

Differential

A pathogenic bacteria sample has been streaked onto an agar plate and placed in a 37 degree Celsius incubator. For routine cultures, plates should be incubated for 48 hours, with placed examined after of incubation.

18 to 24 hours

Which organisms require living cells in which to grow and replicate?

Viruses

Which is the culture medium used for most sensitivity testing?

Mueller-Hinton

Organisms that require high levels of carbon dioxide are classified as which of the following?

Capnophilic

In which staining procedure is the slide held over a flame until the dimethyl sulfoxide stain steams?

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Which is the agar of choice when performing culture and sensitivity tests?

Mueller-Hinton agar

A pathogenic bacteria that can invade the internal organs of an animal has been streaked onto an agar plate. Which is the optimal temperature (C) for incubating this plate?

37

The coagulase test is used to differentiate between species of which bacterium?

Staphylococcus

Which phase of bacterial growth is a state of homeostasis?

Stationary

In what type of sample can a colony count help with the diagnosis of infection?

Urine

A microorganism on the slide appears red after staining with the Ziehl-Neelsen stain. What would be the result for this organism?

Acid fast

Which of the following would be an example of a source that is not likely to have multiple organisms in a sample?

Urine collected by cystocentesis

Bacteria colonies that have a flat, non-raised apperance are described as

flat

What bacterial characteristic allows some bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions?

Endospores

Identify the type of culture media that contains antibacterial substances that inhibit or kill all but a few types of bacteria.

selective media

What type of photometer uses a filter to select the wavelength of the light?

colorimeter

What enzyme is responsible for transforming hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen?

catalase

What type of test is commonly used to test for fungi?

dermatophyte test

Which law describes the relation between light absorbance, transmission, and concentration of a substance in solution?

Beer's

Identify the staining procedure used for demonstrating the presence of microorganisms that are not readily decolorized by acid after staining; a characteristic of certain bacteria, particularly Mycobacterium and Nocardia.

Acid Fast stain

Ball-shaped bacteria are called

cocci

Bacteria that take on a variety of shapes and forms are said to be _.

pleomorphic

Growth of facultative anaerobes is described by which of the following statements?

Can have limited growth in the absence of oxygen

Which organisms digest their food externally by releasing digestive enzymes and then bring food molecules into the mycelium?

Fungi

Which of the following is the most common reason for the inability to diagnose a disease involving microorganisms?

Contamination of the sample

If a patient is suspected of having a Salmonella infection, which agar is recommended to differentiate and initially identify this bacterium?

Triple sugar iron agar

What color change in DTM indicates the presence of dermatophytes?

Red

How often should the inoculating loop be flamed during the quadrant streaking method?

At the beginning, between each quadrant, and at the end

Which type of culture medium contains antibacterial substances that inhibit or kill all but the few types of bacteria desired?

Selective

What stain is useful in the evaluation of fungal organisms?

Lactophenol cotton blue

When isolating a bacterial colony, the best streaking technique would be which of the following?

Quadrant

Which sensitivity test is the most precise but takes several steps and time to perform?

Indirect sensitivity test

Which of the following best describes Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Paired cocci

A patient is suspected of have a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Which agar would be used to isolate this organism?

Mannitol salt agar

The technician finds rod-shaped red cells arranged in long strands on a gram-stained slide. How would these cells be categorized?

Gram-negative rods

If the milk-reagent mixture in the California mastitis test creates a distinct precipitate but no gel formation, how would the result be recorded?

Weak positive

Which motility test requires a concave portion on the slide and is resistant to the sample drying?

Hanging drop

If a technician were interested in replicating a known fastidious pathogen, which type of culture medium would be used?

Enriched

Which organisms are classified as prokaryotic cells?

Bacteria

Which is not a reliable method to diagnose a dermatophyte infection?

Wood"s lamp

In a Direct Elisa, the well contains antibody coated to the surface and the sample contains antigen which binds to the antibody.

True

Enterotubes are used for in-house identification of ___.

gram negative bacillus enteric bacteria

Corynebacterium are gram positive curved rods that form palisades.

True

Bacterial growth is effected by pH, temperature, oxygen levels, and moisture.

True

Sporothrix schenckii form subq granulomas that eventually discharge pus and are seen in horses along the rear leg lymph channels.

True

Papilloma virus causes

warts

Corynebacterium is an example of a pleomorphic bacteria.

True

Malassezia pachydermatis is the most common cause of otitis externa.

True

Most bacteria contain a structure that is not part of animal cells. What is this structure?

cell wall

This gram negative rickettsia was first seen in working dogs in Viet Nam and is transmitted by Amblyomma americanumi, the Lone Star tick.

Ehrlichia canis

What virus causes rabies?

Rhabdovirus

Yersinia pestis the bacteria responsible for the Bubonic plague that swept through Europe in the 14th century and killed an estimated 25 million people is readily treatable with antibiotics.

True

Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually.

True

A dog has been on antibiotics for three months in an attempt to eliminate a particularly bad bacterial pathogen. The client has returned to the clinic for a follow up appointment and during the PE you notice little white, fluffy lesions all over the oral mucosa of the dog. You suspect which organism is responsible?

Candida

The area of no bacterial growth around an antimicrobial disk, indicates some sensitivity of the organism to the particular antimicrobial. This area is known as the .

zone of inhibition

What type of culture media is formulated to meet the requirements of the most fastidious pathogens?

enrichment

Which term is used for liquid media that is used to culture microorganisms.

broth

Viruses are too small to see with a light microscope.

True

This bacteria is transmitted through urine and contains over 100 distinct species.

Leptospira spp.

Streptococus agalactiae is responsible for

mastitis

What sort of appendage does Salmonella have?

flagella

This organism is a coccobacilli obligate intracellular parasite, transmitted by ticks, fleas, and mites.

Rickettsia

Mycobacterium leprae is responsible for ___ is carried by armadillos.

leprosy

All __ are obligate intracellular parasites.

viruses

Clostridium tetani bacteria causes

tetanus

Which stage of the Gram stain procedure prevents the sample from washing off, helps to preserve the cell morphology, and kills the bacteria so they are permeable to the staining?

Heat fixing

Which type of hemolysis creates a narrow bank of greenish discoloration around the colony when grown on a blood agar plate?

Alpha

The Gram stain shows both gram-negative and gram-positive cells. Which of the following is not a possible cause of this result?

Very young cultures