M3: the immune system

Unbroken skin

Mucosal membrane surfaces

Secretions

Enumerate first line of defense

Innate/natural immunity

Adaptive/acquired immunity

Enumerate the second line of defense

Cellular defense (mast, neutrophil, macrophage)

Humoral defense (complement, lysozyme, interferon)

Enumerate the innate/natural immunity

Cellular (T&B lymphocytes, plasma cell)

Humoral (Antibodies & cytokines)

Enumerate adaptive/acquired immunity

Cellular

Blood cells present per type of immunity

Humoral

Molecules that help the cells in order to achieve immunity

Cell lysis

What is the end product of complement activation

Plasma cell

It is the most differentiated type of B cell and is known as as the antibody producing cell (it will produce the antibody)

Bone marrow

Thymus

What are the primary lymphoid organs

Spleen

Lymph nodes

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT)

Cutaneous- associated lymphoid tissues (CALT)

What are the secondary lymphoid organs

Thymus

These are small flat bilobed organ and the site for T cell selection and maturation

Thymopoesis

the process of developing T lymphocytes inside the thymus, which includes positive and negative selection.

Cortex

Where immature cell in the thymus are found

Medulla

Where the mature cells in the thymus are found (stays up to 3 weeks)

Bone marrow

It is the main source of the HSC (hematopoietic stem cells)

Bone marrow.

It is the primary lymphoid organ where antigen-independent lymphopoiesis occurs and common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) are found?

Bone marrow

It is the site of B cell production, selection and maturation

Perform bone marrow aspirate

For an instance, all blood cells are low/ decreased, what would be the best thing to do

Dentritic cell

It is the most potent phagocyte

Secondary lymphoid organ

It is the place of encounter for foreign antigen and the cells where they become activated, differentiate, mutate, divide, and multiply

Spleen

It is the largest secondary lymphoid organ and is located as left upper quadrant

Spleen

It is known as the discriminating filter

Red pulp (1/3)

White pulp (20%)

The spleen is divided into two parts which are — and —

Red pulp

This is the part of the spleen where old RBCs are destroyed after it reaches 120 days

Red pulp

It is a part of thespleen where extravascular hemolysis occur

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath

It is found in the white pulp and houses the mature T cells

Primary follicles

It is found in white pulp and this is where the unstimulated B cells are found

White pul

It is a part of the spleen where marginal zone are found

Lymphadenopathy

Enlarged lymph node

It is located along lymphatic ducts and serve as central collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent tissues

Lymph nodes

This is where filtration occurs through phagocytosis (ideal site )

Macrophages

B cells

Follicular dendritic cells

In the cortex of the lymph nodes, the following are found —,—,—

Secondary follicles

These are formed only if there is an antigen stimulated proliferating B cells

MALT

It is found in the GI, respiratory, and urogenital tracts

MALT

It houses majority of macrophage and lymphocytes and are localized in main ports of entry

Peyers patches

Clusters of lymphoid tissue in the lower ileum of the small intestine. They contain immune cells ready to detect harmful microbes in food or water.

Tonsils and appendix

Found in the mucous membrane lining of the oral and pharyngeal cavities And respond to pathogens entering the respiratory and alimentary tracts

CALT

Intra-epidermal lymphocytes

it is where the T cells are positioned to combat any antigen entering the skin called—

T cells (61-89%)

B cells (10-20%)

Null cells (~20%)

What are the three types of lymphoid cells? Give their percentage

Cytokines

What is the end product of T cells Follicular activayion

Cluster differentiation

These are markers that would appear in different developmental stages of lymphocytes

Paracortical region of lymph nodes

T cells or T lymphocytes are found in

CD2

Sheep red blood cell (SRBC) receptor

CD3

Part of T cells antigen receptor complex

CD4

Receptor of MHC Class II molecules

CD8

Receptor of MHC class I molecule

CD45 & CD25

Early markers on thymocytes committed to becoming T cells