3. Case Study Three Quiz: Exercise Physiology, Haemostasias and Skeletal

What muscles contract to bend the knee when Lu sits on the birthing ball?

The hamstrings contract and shorten to bend the knee.

Which muscles lengthen to allow the knee to bend?

The quadriceps, mainly the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis.

What type of joint is the knee joint?

It is a hinge joint.

What tissues make up the pubic symphysis?

It is made up of hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and ligaments.

What is the main function of the fibrocartilage in the pubic symphysis?

It provides strength and slight mobility, allowing widening during childbirth and absorbing stress.

How many layers of muscle make up the myometrium of the uterus?

There are three layers of muscle in the myometrium.

What are the names of the three layers of the myometrium?

Inner longitudinal layer, middle circular layer, and outer layer.

How does the layering structure of the myometrium relate to its function?

They work together to contract and expel contents of the uterus during contractions or menstruation.

What is the stimulus for maintaining normal body temperature during labour?

Increased body temperature from muscular activity and uterine contractions.

What role do thermoreceptors play in temperature regulation during labour?

They detect changes in body temperature and send signals to the hypothalamus.

What is the effector response when body temperature increases during labour?

Sweat glands increase sweating and blood vessels vasodilate to release heat.

What hormone triggers uterine contractions?

Oxytocin.

Where is oxytocin released from?

The posterior pituitary gland.

Why does digestion slow down during labour?

Due to the body's redirection of energy towards the uterus and birthing muscles, influenced by hormonal changes.

What happens to tissue cell volume if Lu does not drink water during prolonged labour?

The volume and size of her tissue cells decrease due to dehydration.

What physiological process causes cells to shrink when dehydrated?

Osmosis causes water to flow out of cells into the higher solute concentration in the interstitial fluid.

How does dehydration affect muscle contraction during labour?

Less water reduces blood volume to muscles, causing faster fatigue and less effective contractions.

What is the role of electrolytes in muscle contraction?

Potassium, sodium, and calcium are essential for proper muscle contraction.