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What were the “two nations” in Britain
The rich and the poor
What was Britains strategy to making changes
Reform, not revolution
House of Lords
Made up of wealthy lords
House of commons
Made up of elected people who represented towns and cities
What percent of people could vote in around 1815
About 5 percent
Rotten boroughs
Rural towns that had lost population due to migration for industrialization
Whig party in Britain
Supported middle class and business class interests
Tories
Supported nobles and landowners with interest in agriculture
Great reform act of 1832
Redistributed seats in House of Commons and enlarged the percent of people who could vote
Chartist movement
Supported working class interests
What did the people’s charter petition for
Universal male suffrage
Annual parliamentary elections
Salaries for parliament members
Secret ballot
What happened to the people’s charter
It was ignored multiple times
Victorian age timeline
1837-1901
Ideals of Victorian age
Thrift
Duty
Honesty
hard work
Responsibility
What effect did the Victorian age have on the people
Gave confidence to the middle class but continued agitation for the working class
Benjamin Disraeli
Formed the Tories political party into the modern Conservative Party
William Gladstone
Formed Whigs party into modern Liberal Party
Reform bill of 1867
Gave vote to working class men
Suffrage reforms in 1880s
Gave vote to farm workers and most other men
Corn laws
Taxed foreign imports of grain because it kept the price high
Why did farmers want to keep the corn laws
Because it kept the price of grain high
Why did free traders want to get rid of the corn laws
Because it would lower price of grain, lower price of bread, and encourage trade
When did parliament repeal the corn laws
1846
Working reforms in 1842
Women or children under 10 couldn’t work in mines
Working reforms in 1847
Limited women and children to a 10 hour work day
Working reforms in late 1800s
Regulated safety conditions in factories and mines, set minimum wages, and set maximum hours of work
Which prime minister made laws to improve public health and housing for workers in cities in the late 1800s
Disraeli
Which prime minister made laws for free elementary school and opened govt jobs regardless of birth or wealth
Gladstone
Fabian society
Promoted change through legal matters rather than violence
Labour Party
Party backed by socialists and union members
What was proof that democracy was working in Britain
The use of reforms to improve people’s lives
What was a main problem in the women’s suffrage movement in Britain
Women disagreed on whether to use violence or peace to gain suffrage
Emmeline Pankhurst
Suffragist who believed that violence was necessary to gain suffrage
How did women eventually win suffrage in Britain
Through hunger strikes
When do women gain the right to vote in Britain
1918
Absentee landlords
British people who owned land in Ireland but didn’t live on the land
What were some difficulties faced by the Irish
They had to pay high rents to British landlords
Catholics had to pay tithes to support the Church of England
Landlords could evict tenants at will
Repression of Irish language
Potato famine in 1840s
Daniel O’Connell
Organized Irish catholic league
What did the Irish catholic league do
Demanded repeal of unfair laws by Britain
Catholic Emancipation Act 1829
gave Irish the right to vote and hold political office
What did Britain do when Ireland had the potato famine
Continued to export food from Ireland
what did the Fenians want in Ireland
For Ireland to be independent
What did moderates want in Ireland
To have home rule
Home rule
Local self government
Charles Stewart Parnell
Moderate who rallied Irish parliament members to work for home rule
What problem did the Irish question face for Britain
It prevented parliament from fixing other problems
Which prime minister pushed for reforms in Ireland
Gladstone
What reforms did Gladstone make for Ireland
Ended tithes from being used for the church
Prevented landlords from evicting tenants
Protected rights of tenant farmers
When was the Irish home rule bill passed
1914
Why was the Irish home rule bill delayed
Because of the start of WWI
Why would expanding democratic rights help to bridge Britains two nations
It would give more power to the people
How did queen victorias values relate to economic reform
They prompted thrift and hard work which supported the working class. Victoria also supported reform and good morals
How did British policies toward Ireland affect the cause of Irish nationalism
It increased nationalism and the push for an independent Ireland
William Wilburforce
Worked to end the slave trade by using piracy laws to charge illegal slave traders
