Behavourist approach

features of the behavourist approach

focuses on studying observable behaviour that can be measured, rather than internal mental processes, which cannot be measured. It suggests that all behaviour is learned from the environment. we are born as a "blank slate" (tabula rasa). Behaviourists use lab-based experiments to maintain objectivity and control, ensuring reliable results. Animal research, such as Pavlov’s and Skinner’s studies, is often used as a basis to understand human behaviour. The approach emphasizes two types of conditioning: Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning.

evaluation of behaviour approach

limitation - environmentally deterministic. Behaviour learnt from environment. Ignores free will in choices. Incomplete explanation of behaviour in humans

Strength - real world application. Behaviourist principles used in tokon economies. Treatments are Successful, Suggests its principles can be applied successfully in real world. Therefore has real world value.

Classical conditioning

Classical Conditioning (CC) happens when a neutral stimulus (NS), which doesn’t cause a response at first, is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), which naturally triggers an automatic, unlearned response (like hunger or fear). After several pairings, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) and starts to cause a similar response, called the conditioned response (CR), even without the unconditioned stimulus.

Pavlov classical condtioning

Pavlov conditioned dogs to salivate when a bell rang. He paired a neutral stimulus (the bell) with an unconditioned stimulus (food). By repeating this pairing several times, the dog learned to associate the bell with food. After conditioning, the bell alone caused the dog to salivate, even when no food was present.

operant conditoning

Learning via consequences. If a behaviour is followed up with a reward ( reinforcement ) it is more likely to be repeated. If it is followed by something unpleasant (punishment), it is less likely to occur again.

Skinner research