human communication chapter 5-8 quiz reveiw

What is the difference between hearing and listening?

Hearing is perceiving sound; listening is actively making meaning from what you hear.

Name the three types of listening.

Informational (to learn), Critical (to evaluate), Empathic (to understand emotions).

What are common barriers to effective listening?

Noise, multitasking, preoccupation, bias, pseudolistening.

What are active listening skills?

Eye contact, nodding, paraphrasing, asking questions, giving feedback.

Give an example of empathic listening.

Repeating back a friend’s concerns to show understanding of their emotions.

What does it mean that language is symbolic?

Words represent ideas, objects, or feelings, but don’t have inherent meaning.

What is the difference between denotative and connotative meaning?

Denotative = dictionary meaning; Connotative = emotional/cultural meaning.

What are the four rules of language?

Phonological (sound), Syntactic (structure), Semantic (meaning), Pragmatic (context).

How can language influence bias?

Using inclusive terms avoids sexism, racism, or exclusionary language.

Give an example of avoiding biased language.

Saying “firefighter” instead of “fireman.”

What is nonverbal communication?

Behaviors and symbols (like facial expressions, gestures, tone) that convey meaning.

Name four functions of nonverbal communication.

Reinforce/contradict verbal messages, express emotions, regulate interactions, establish relationships.

List types of nonverbal communication.

Facial expressions, eye contact, posture, gestures, appearance, touch, space, time.

Why is nonverbal communication culturally variable?

Gestures, eye contact, and personal space norms differ across cultures.

Give an example of nonverbal communication.

Crossed arms may indicate defensiveness in some cultures.

What are the stages of a relationship?

Initiating → Experimenting → Intensifying → Integrating → Bonding → (sometimes: Differentiating → Circumscribing → Stagnating → Avoiding → Terminating)

Name different types of relationships.

Family, friendship, romantic, workplace.

What are important interpersonal communication skills?

Self-disclosure, empathy, conflict management.

What are the five conflict styles?

Avoiding, Accommodating, Competing, Compromising, Collaborating.

Give an example of the collaborating conflict style.

Two friends disagree but work together to find a solution that benefits both.

Informational Listening:

Listening to learn.

Critical Listening:

Listening to evaluate or analyze.

Empathic Listening:

Listening to understand and share the feelings of another.

Physical Barriers:

External noise or distractions.

Psychological Barriers:

Prejudices, biases, or mental fatigue.

Physiological Barriers

Hearing impairments or discomfort.

Semantic Barriers

Misunderstanding due to language or jargon.

Receiving

Hearing and attending.

Understanding:

Interpreting the message.

Remembering:

Storing information.

Responding

Providing feedback.

Denotative Meaning:

The literal, dictionary definition of a word.

Connotative Meaning

The emotional or associative meaning attached to a word.

Heuristic

To learn and discover.

What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

The hypothesis suggests that the language we use shapes our perception of reality and influences our thought processes.

Phonological Rules

Pronunciation.

Syntactic Rules

Sentence structure.

Semantic Rules

Meaning of words.

Pragmatic Rules

Social context and usage.

Complementing:

Reinforcing verbal messages.

Contradicting:

Disagreeing with verbal messages.

Substituting:

Replacing verbal messages.

Accenting:

Emphasizing parts of verbal messages.

Regulating

Controlling the flow of communication.

Kinesics

Body movement and facial expressions.

Haptics

Touch.

Proxemics:

Use of space.

Chronemics:

Use of time.

Paralanguage

Vocalics (tone, pitch, volume).

Appearance

Physical attributes and attire.

Artifacts

Personal objects and environment.

Initiating

First impressions.

Experimenting

Small talk and exploring common interests.

Intensifying

Increased intimacy and self-disclosure.

Integrating

Becoming a couple or unit.

Bonding:

Formal commitment (e.g., marriage).

Differentiating

Recognizing differences.

Circumscribing

Reducing communication.

Stagnating:

Inactivity and lack of growth.

Avoiding:

Physical or emotional distancing.

Terminating

Ending the relationship.

What is self-disclosure?

Self-disclosure is the process of revealing personal information about oneself to others.

What are the benefits and risks of self-disclosure?

• Benefits: Builds trust, deepens relationships, promotes emotional well-being.

• Risks: Potential for rejection, misunderstanding, or exploitation.

What are the types of love according to Sternberg's Triangular Theory?

• Intimacy: Emotional closeness.

• Passion: Physical attraction.

• Commitment: Decision to maintain the relationship.