CFS 38 Quizzes

ch. 3 & 4, 5, 6, 7, 9

The cerebral cortex accounts for ______ percent of the brain's weight.

• 55

• 65

• 75

• 85

85

Today, inadequate nutrition

• is not confined to developing countries.

• rarely leads to death.

• affects approximately 40 percent of American children.

• is confined to developing countries.

is not confined to developing countries.

Which of the following is true about brain development?

• At birth, the brain is nearly 70 percent of its adult weight.

• By age 2, the brain is approximately 50 percent of its adult weight.

• Brain development is complete by the end of the first year.

• Gains in neural fibers and myelination are responsible for the extraordinary gain in overall brain size

Gains in neural fibers and myelination are responsible for the extraordinary gain in overall brain size

Coating the neural fibers with an insulating fatty sheath during the process of _________________ improves the efficiency of message transfer.

• myelination

• neuroimaging

• synaptic pruning

• neurotransmission

myelination

Breastfeeding for just a few weeks

• is a reliable method of birth control.

• can lead to later obesity.

• is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation.

• offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections.

offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections.

The placenta

• forms in the second trimester of pregnancy.

• encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid.

• contains one large vein that delivers nutrients to the embryo.

• delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism.

delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism.

Epidural analgesia

• numbs the entire lower half of the body.

• prevents the mother from feeling the pressure of labor contractions.

• is the most common approach to controlling pain during labor.

• strengthens uterine contractions.

is the most common approach to controlling pain during labor.

The more alcohol a woman consumes during pregnancy, the

• poorer the child's intelligence and achievement test scores during the school years.

• greater the likelihood of ARND instead of FAS or p-FAS.

• higher the birth weight of the child.

• greater the child's speed of information processing.

poorer the child's intelligence and achievement test scores during the school years.

The umbilical cord

• appears as a tiny stalk and eventually grows to a length of 6 to 12 inches.

• contains one large artery that delivers nutrients to the embryo.

• connects the placenta to the developing organism.

• permits the blood of the mother and the embryo to mix directly.

connects the placenta to the developing organism.

Newborns prefer to listen to

• nonspeech sounds over speech sounds.

• pure tones over voices.

• an unfamiliar woman over their mother's voice.

• their native language over a foreign language.

their native language over a foreign language.

At 16 months, Brynn is in Piaget's ___________ stage of cognitive development.

• formal operational

• concrete operational

• preoperational

• sensorimotor

sensorimotor

Dr. Hahn believes that children are "prewired" to master the intricate rules of their language. Dr. Hahn endorses the ________ perspective of language development.

• dynamic systems

• nativist

• behaviorist

• interactionist

nativist

Miranda says "more apple." This two-word utterance is an example of

• an underextension.

• babbling.

• telegraphic speech.

• a referential style.

telegraphic speech.

At all ages, __________ develops ahead of __________.

• overextension; underextension

• production; comprehension

• comprehension; production

• telegraphic speech; babbling

comprehension; production

According to the core knowledge perspective, each of an infant's ____________ permits a ready grasp of new, related information.

• core domains of thought

• sensorimotor schemes

• mental states

• five senses

core domains of thought

According to Piaget, a ___________ is a means of building schemes in which infants try to repeat chance motor behaviors again and again.

• sensorimotor response

• circular reaction

• mental representation

• goal-directed behavior

circular reaction

Good quality child care

• cannot compensate for the negative effects of a stressed, poverty-stricken home life.

• can reduce the negative impact of a stressed, poverty-stricken home life.

• is the norm in the United States.

• is primarily available to low-SES families with young children.

can reduce the negative impact of a stressed, poverty-stricken home life.

Baby Greer says "babababababa." This is an example of

• babbling.

• cooing.

• an overextension.

• an underextension.

babbling

Nativist Noam Chomsky believed that

• children are born with a series of inborn modules that are specialized for different aspects of language acquisition.

• reinforcement and imitation fully explain language development.

• the rules of sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to or discovered by even a cognitively adept young child.

• children's innate desire to verbally interact with others promotes language development.

the rules of sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to or discovered by even a cognitively adept young child.

Around 2 months, babies begin to make vowel-like noises called

• babbling.

• cooing.

• child-directed speech.

• telegraphic speech.

cooing

Bindi quickly establishes regular routines, is generally cheerful, and adapts easily to new experiences. In Thomas and Chess's research, Bindi would be classified as a(n) ________ child.

• easy

• slow-to-warm-up

• difficult

• uninhibited

easy

Reactivity refers to the

• regularity of body functions, such as sleep, wakefulness, and hunger.

• ease with which a child adapts to changes in the environment.

• quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

• intensity of stimulation required to evoke a response.

quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity.

According to Erikson's theory, a mistrustful baby

• protects herself by exploring the world.

• will reject her mother and look to other adults for comfort.

• protects herself by withdrawing from people and things around her.

• will develop a disorganized/disoriented attachment.

protects herself by withdrawing from people and things around her.

In the Strange Situation, Philip seeks closeness to his mother and fails to explore. When his mother leaves, Philip is distressed, and on her return he hits her. Philip is displaying characteristics of __________ attachment.

• avoidant

• secure

• disorganized/disoriented

• resistant

resistant

In the Strange Situation, Bernadette uses her mother as a secure base. When separated, Bernadette does not cry, but when her mother returns, Bernadette crawls to her. Bernadette is demonstrating __________ attachment.

• secure

• avoidant

• disorganized/disoriented

• resistant

secure

A researcher places a red dot on two-year-old Raven's nose. When she looks into a mirror, she tries to rub the dot off of her nose rather than off of the mirror. This behavior indicates that she has developed

• effortful control.

• a categorical self.

• continuity of control.

• self-recognition.

self-recognition.

According to Bowlby, the _____________ becomes a vital part of personality, serving as a guide for all future close relationships.

• Strange Situation

• internal working model

• "clear-cut" attachment phase

• preattachment phase

internal working model

By age 6 months, babies of depressed mothers tend to

• develop resilience against inadequate caregiving.

• show delays in development, an irritable mood, and attachment difficulties.

• develop a secure attachment to their father or another caregiver.

• show high rates of empathy to others' distress.

show delays in development, an irritable mood, and attachment difficulties.

Once wariness of strangers develops after 6 months,

• babies use the familiar caregiver as a secure base from which to explore.

• other typical fears decline.

• the stranger's style of interaction does little to comfort babies.

• infants resist exploring new environments.

babies use the familiar caregiver as a secure base from which to explore.

In Bowlby's "clear-cut" attachment phase, babies display

• stranger anxiety.

• separation anxiety.

• social referencing.

• goodness of fit.

separation anxiety.

Over spring vacation, Gerald goes to Disney World with his family. When he returns to school, Gerald excitedly tells his teacher about the trip. Gerald's representation of this personally meaningful, one-time event is known as

• a script.

• metacognition.

• an autobiographical memory.

• a false belief.

an autobiographical memory.

In village and tribal cultures, parents have little need to rely on conversation and play to teach children because

• they are too busy working and maintaining their households to interact with their children.

• they instead focus on preparing children for academic success and civic engagement.

• children spend their day in contact with adult work and start to assume mature responsibilities in early childhood.

• young children spent most of their time playing with and talking to their agemates.

children spend their day in contact with adult work and start to assume mature responsibilities in early childhood.

Three-year-old J.T. understands that 3 is more than 2, and 2 is more than 1. J.T. is demonstrating a grasp of

• ordinality.

• cardinality.

• chronological order.

• one-to-one correspondence.

ordinality

Information processing focuses on ___________that children use to transform stimuli flowing into their mental systems.

• physical skills

• attention strategies

• mental strategies

• metacognition skills

mental strategies

Preoperational children have difficulty with ________________, which involves the organization of objects into groups based on similarities and differences.

• animistic thinking

• egocentrism

• hierarchical classification

• reversibility

hierarchical classification

A central component of the Head Start philosophy is

• formal academic training.

• a highly structured classroom learning environment.

• conflict resolution.

• parental involvement.

parental involvement.

Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because

• they prefer to rehearse or repeat items over and over.

• it requires the ability to tell whether a stimulus is the same as one they have seen before.

• they are not yet capable of metacognition.

• they are not skilled at using memory strategies.

they are not skilled at using memory strategies.

______________ refers to the idea that certain physical characteristics of object remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes.

• Centration

• Animistic thinking

• Conservation

• Magical thinking

Conservation

Which of the following is supported by research on child care?

• The effects of substandard child care typically wash out once the child starts elementary school.

• Most child care in North America is high-quality.

• Regardless of quality, child care leads to insecure attachment and poor school readiness.

• Good child care enhances cognitive, language, and social development.

Good child care enhances cognitive, language, and social development.

When ___________, preschoolers' pictures become more comprehensible and detailed.

• they are able to represent depth in their drawings

• adults draw with children and point out the resemblances between drawings and objects

• they gesture rather than label their scribbles

• they trace adult drawings

adults draw with children and point out the resemblances between drawings and objects

In Sternberg's triarchic theory, intelligent behavior involves balancing

• creative, intrapersonal, and emotional intelligences.

• analytical, creative, and practical intelligences.

• spatial, kinesthetic, and interpersonal intelligences.

• linguistic, emotional, and practical intelligences.

analytical, creative, and practical intelligences.

One valid criticism of adult-organized youth sports is that

• they often interfere with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement.

• they overemphasize competition and substitute children's natural experimentation with rules and strategies.

• participation in organized sports often results in psychological damage to children.

• participation in youth sports is the leading cause of childhood injury.

they overemphasize competition and substitute children's natural experimentation with rules and strategies.

Jamal is able to think through a series of steps and then mentally return to the starting point. Therefore, Jamal is capable of

• class inclusion.

• reversibility.

• decentration.

• transitive interference.

reversibility.

Paul is concerned because his 6-year-old son prints using large letters and numbers. You can tell Paul that his son's writing is large because he

• cannot yet visually distinguish fine details.

• has not yet developed adequate depth perception.

• makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers.

• can only use his wrist and fingers to form the letters and numbers.

makes strokes with his entire arm rather than just the wrist and fingers.

To test for ________, Piaget asked children to arrange sticks of different lengths from shortest to longest.

• decentration

• seriation

• spatial reasoning

• classification

seriation

Obese children tend to

• be less responsive than normal-weight children to external stimuli associated with food.

• eat slower than normal-weight children.

• chew their food more thoroughly than normal-weight children.

• be less responsive than normal-weight children to internal hunger cues.

be less responsive than normal-weight children to internal hunger cues.

When Mike had to learn the state capitals, he grouped the states by region to assist his memory. Which memory strategy did Mike use?

• organization

• elaboration

• metacognition

• rehearsal

organization

Kim Lee is able to mentally represent her neighborhood and describe it to others. Kim Lee's representation is known as a

• class inclusion.

• transitive inference.

• large-scale route of travel.

• cognitive map.

cognitive map.

The most frequent cause of school absence and childhood hospitalization is

• asthma.

• bacterial infection.

• viral infection.

• influenza.

asthma

Individuals skilled at ___________ can prevent their minds from straying to irrelevant thoughts.

• elaboration

• metacognition

• organization

• inhibition

inhibition