Chapter 7 | Cultural Change

Diffusion

The process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time

Cultural hearth

An area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse

Expansion diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait outward from where it originated

Contagious diffusion

The process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power

Europeans

________ also brought Christianity and Judaism, changing the religious beliefs and practices of many with whom they came into contact (often through force .)

Hierarchical diffusion

The spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

Stimulus diffusion

The process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture

Lingua franca

Common language used among speakers of different languages

Creolization

The blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language

Cultural convergence

The process by which cultures become more similar through interaction

Cultural divergence

The process by which cultures become less similar due to conflicting beliefs or other barriers

Cultural syncretism

________ is often evident in celebrations.

political barriers

Physical, cultural, and ________ stopped or slowed the spread of ideas and cultural traits to faraway groups.

Time space compression

________ has made it so distance decay doesnt have the same impact on cultural interaction.

Acculturation

The process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

Assimilation

A category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other.

Syncretism

Process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new

Multiculturalism

A situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating

Collectivist culture

A culture in which people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and to be obedient to and respectful of elder family members

Silk Road

The ________, which spread from East Asia to the Mediterranean, brough unprecedented exchange of ideas that transformed many cultures it touched.

Cultural appropriation

The act of adopting elements of another culture

Cultural psychologist John W Berry

________ studied the ways in which individuals choose to acculturate and the effects of these choices.

Technology

________ has changed the ways in which people connect and so this kind of diffusion no long occurs only through physical contact.

City dwellers

________ interact routinely with others of different races, religions, ethnicities, and cultures.

Traditional African music

________ influenced the blues and jazz, which went on to influence rock music.

19th century

In the ________, European countries increased imperialist activity, racing to establish colonies across Africa that could provide them with raw materials and geographic control.

Popular culture

________ has the potential to spread globally, because it appeals to a diverse group and can spread quickly.

dominance of European countries

The ________ in the 17th century and on reshaped the world map and spread European culture in ways still felt today.

Relocation diffusion

________ is also illustrated in the example of the African diaspora, the spread of people of African descent from their ancestral continent as a result of forced migration.

Diffusion

The process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time

Cultural hearth

An area where cultural traits develop and from which cultural traits diffuse

Expansion diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait outward from where it originated

Contagious diffusion

The process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power

Hierarchical diffusion

The spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places

Stimulus diffusion

The process by which a cultural trait or idea spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture

Lingua franca

Common language used among speakers of different languages

Creolization

The blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language

Remember

Artifacts change frequently, sociofacts change slowly, and mentifacts change extremely slowly

Cultural convergence

The process by which cultures become more similar through interaction

Cultural divergence

The process by which cultures become less similar due to conflicting beliefs or other barriers

Acculturation

The process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another while still retaining their own distinct culture

Assimilation

a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other

Syncretism

Process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new

Multiculturalism

A situation in which different cultures live together without assimilating

Collectivist culture

A culture in which people are expected to conform to collective responsibility within the family and to be obedient to and respectful of elder family members

Cultural appropriation

The act of adopting elements of another culture