Experiment 4: Classification Tests for Hydrocarbons, Organic Halides, and Amines

Flashcards for vocabulary review of hydrocarbons, organic halides, and amines.

Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged and bonded in specific ways.

Molecular Geometry (in relation to properties of organic compounds)

Affects reactivity due to tetrahedral (sp3), trigonal planar (sp2), or linear (sp) arrangements influencing electrical strain.

Intermolecular Force of Attraction (IMF)

A stronger IMF results in higher melting and boiling points. Increased branching leads to lower melting and boiling points.

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons that are acyclic or cyclic but not aromatic.

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons containing a benzene ring.

Miscibility in H2SO4

Used to differentiate hydrocarbons based on their reaction with sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

Hydrophobicity

The tendency of hydrocarbons to be insoluble in water, which increases with the number of carbon atoms.

Combustibility

A measure of how easily a substance bursts into flame through fire or combustion.

Flammability

The ease with which a combustible substance can be ignited, causing fire, combustion, or even explosion.

Baeyer's Test

A test for unsaturation using KMnO4, where decolorization and brown sludge indicate the presence of double/triple bonds.

Bromine Test

A test for unsaturation using Br2 in CCl4, indicated by decolorization in the presence of double/triple bonds.

Nitration Reaction

A substitution reaction for aromatic molecules, indicated by a yellow oily layer, confirming a benzene ring.

Organic Halides (Haloalkanes)

Organic compounds containing a halogen moiety (-X = F, Cl, Br, and I).

Beilstein Test/Copper Halide Test

A flame test that detects the presence of halogens, indicated by a blue-green colored flame.

SN1 Reaction

A nucleophilic substitution reaction promoted by alcoholic AgNO3, where Ag acts as a Lewis acid.

SN2 Reaction

A nucleophilic substitution reaction using NaI in Acetone, where I- displaces the X in RX, forming a NaX precipitate.

Amines

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

Hinsberg Test

A test using benzene sulfonyl chloride to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines based on solubility.