Experiment 4: Classification Tests for Hydrocarbons, Organic Halides, and Amines

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Flashcards for vocabulary review of hydrocarbons, organic halides, and amines.

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18 Terms

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Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms arranged and bonded in specific ways.

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Molecular Geometry (in relation to properties of organic compounds)

Affects reactivity due to tetrahedral (sp3), trigonal planar (sp2), or linear (sp) arrangements influencing electrical strain.

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Intermolecular Force of Attraction (IMF)

A stronger IMF results in higher melting and boiling points. Increased branching leads to lower melting and boiling points.

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Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons that are acyclic or cyclic but not aromatic.

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Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons containing a benzene ring.

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Miscibility in H2SO4

Used to differentiate hydrocarbons based on their reaction with sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

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Hydrophobicity

The tendency of hydrocarbons to be insoluble in water, which increases with the number of carbon atoms.

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Combustibility

A measure of how easily a substance bursts into flame through fire or combustion.

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Flammability

The ease with which a combustible substance can be ignited, causing fire, combustion, or even explosion.

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Baeyer's Test

A test for unsaturation using KMnO4, where decolorization and brown sludge indicate the presence of double/triple bonds.

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Bromine Test

A test for unsaturation using Br2 in CCl4, indicated by decolorization in the presence of double/triple bonds.

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Nitration Reaction

A substitution reaction for aromatic molecules, indicated by a yellow oily layer, confirming a benzene ring.

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Organic Halides (Haloalkanes)

Organic compounds containing a halogen moiety (-X = F, Cl, Br, and I).

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Beilstein Test/Copper Halide Test

A flame test that detects the presence of halogens, indicated by a blue-green colored flame.

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SN1 Reaction

A nucleophilic substitution reaction promoted by alcoholic AgNO3, where Ag acts as a Lewis acid.

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SN2 Reaction

A nucleophilic substitution reaction using NaI in Acetone, where I- displaces the X in RX, forming a NaX precipitate.

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Amines

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom.

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Hinsberg Test

A test using benzene sulfonyl chloride to differentiate between primary, secondary, and tertiary amines based on solubility.