Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System

Flashcards designed to help review key concepts about bone tissue and the skeletal system.

The skeletal system is composed of __, __, and __.

bones, cartilage, and joints

Bones are also called __ tissue.

osseous

Humans typically have approximately __ bones.

206

Cartilage provides __ and smooth surfaces for movement.

flexibility

The two main types of bone tissue are and .

compact bone, cancellous bone

The primary cell type found in mature bone is __.

osteocyte

_ is the process of blood cell production occurring in red bone marrow.

Hematopoiesis

The function of joints is to allow __ between bones.

movement

The major functions of the skeletal system include support, movement, protection, __, and __.

blood cell production, mineral storage

Compact bone is arranged in structures known as __.

osteons

__ bone is lighter and consists of a latticework of trabeculae.

Cancellous

Long bones are typically found in the and .

arms, legs

Short bones are cube-like and are primarily found in the and .

wrists, ankles

Flat bones are thin and curved, like the and .

skull, ribs

__ bones do not fit any other shape category, such asvertebrae and facial bones.

Irregular

Sesamoid bones are small, round bones found in and .

tendons, joints

The __ plate is the area of growth in long bones.

epiphyseal

Osteoblasts are responsible for __ new bone.

forming

Osteoclasts are cells that __ bone tissue.

resorb

The __ is a layered covering around the outside of bones.

periosteum

The __ cavity is filled with yellow marrow in long bones.

medullary

Articular cartilage covers the joint surfaces of bones to reduce __.

friction

The zone of proliferation in the epiphyseal plate adds __ to the bone.

length

A __ fracture occurs straight across the long axis of a bone.

transverse

An __ fracture requires surgery to reset the broken bone.

open (or compound)​

In children, rickets is caused by a deficiency of __.

vitamin D

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by decreased and increased of bone.

bone mass, resorption

Paget’s disease involves excessive __ activity.

osteoclast

Calcium is essential for bone health and must be obtained through __.

diet

The function of parathyroid hormone is to stimulate __ activity.

osteoclast

Vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of __ in the intestines.

calcium

The __ is the only sesamoid bone found in common with every person.

patella

The __ is a fibrous membrane covering the outer surface of bones.

periosteum

The __ provides stability and support while allowing motion in the wrists and ankles.

short bones

__ bones are examples of bones with no easily characterized shape.

Irregular

Osteogenic cells develop into __ which form the bone matrix.

osteoblasts

The area of cartilage in an immature long bone that regulates growth is called the __.

epiphyseal plate

Calcium homeostasis in the body is maintained by __, __, and __.

PTH, vitamin D, calcitonin

The __ canal is the central passage for blood vessels in an osteon.

Haversian (or central)

Trabecular bone has a network that houses __ in spaces called lacunae.

osteocytes

A __ fracture has several breaks resulting in many small pieces between two large segments.

comminuted

The process that converts cartilage into bone is called __.

endochondral ossification

The __ zone of the epiphyseal plate is where new chondrocytes are formed.

proliferative

Bone is constantly remodeled through the balance of and activity.

osteoblast, osteoclast

Nutrients that play a role in bone health include calcium, vitamin D, and __.

magnesium

In endochondral ossification, __ cells differentiate into chondrocytes first.

Mesenchymal

The __ is the area in bone where blood vessels and nerves enter.

nutrient foramen

Fracture healing starts with the formation of a __ hematoma.

fracture

The processes of ossification begin in the __ week of fetal development.

6th to 7th

Mechanical stresses and exercise can lead to increased __ in bone.

density

In osteoporosis, individuals are at higher risk for fractures due to a decrease in __ density.

bone

The __ are responsible for the breakdown and resorption of bone.

osteoclasts

Osteomyelitis is the inflammation of bone often caused by __.

infection