Mendel's principles

Lowercase letter represents a

recessive allele

Uppercase letter represents a

dominant allele

what would win in all of these scenarios: Tt, tt, TT

T, t, T T is dominant! recessive letter is never shown

A parent passes how many alleles to their offspring?

One allele

principle of segregation says that…

every individual carries 2 alleles for each trait, the alleles separate/segregate during meiosis

Homozygous means…

the two alleles are the same: TT or tt

Heterozygous means…

The two alleles are different: Tt

A genotype is…

The genetic makeup of an organism, (TT,TT,Tt)

Phenotype is…

The traits you get from a genotype (what you look like)

A punnett square is what?

A diagram showing the allele combinations that might occur from a genetic cross between two parents.

Gene expression is always the result of the interaction of

nature and nurture

what is incomplete dominance/blending

Some genes appear to “blend” together. Since there’s no recessive allele use only capital letters.

In humans how many blood types are there? (what are they)

4 blood types, A,B,AB, and O

How many alleles decide blood type

3, Ia, Ib, and i

In the alleles of blood type, what is recessive and dominant?

“i” is recessive, IA and IB are codominant

What does codominant mean?

The genotype shows both dominant alleles, ex: IA

what alleles determine what blood type?

“IA IA” is blood type A 

“IA i” is blood type A

“IB IB” is blood type B

“IB i” is blood type B

“IA IB” is blood type AB

“ii” is blood type O

What are multiple alleles

Many genes have many alleles (two or more) (any single diploid can only have two)

What’s polygenic inheritance 

The determination of a given characteristics is the result of many genes.