Neurons and how they communicate

Name and discuss the general functions of the three glial cell types in the brain.

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Explain how the area postrema may play a role in minimizing poison toxicity.

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Compare the impact of opening NA+ channels and Cl- channels in the axon.

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Explain why saltatory conduction speeds up the velocity of action potentials.

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Contrast Postsynapsis potentials versus action potentials.

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A key advantage of saltatory conduction is that ____.

Myelin speeds up the velocity at which an axon can conduct an action potential.

When the impulse enters a neuron, it is received by the ___ and passed to the next cell via the ___.

Dendrites; axon

Which statement is true regarding the action potential?

The action potential is always of the same amplitude and duration in a given cell.

Which statement is true about the sodium potassium pump?

More sodium ions are removed than potassium ions brought in

Neural signals are carried across the synapse by___.

the secretion of transmitter molecules into the synapse.

Which of the following event restores the membrane potential from the peak of the action potential back to the resting level.

Potassium ions move out of the cell.

Movement of the axon membrane potential from -70 mV to -90 mV would be termed ____.

Hyperpolarization

Which of the following ion channel events will reliably produce an IPSP, regardless of the current level of the membrane potential?

opening a potassium channel

An electrical charge applied to an axon that moves the membrane potential from -70 mV to -45 mV will result in an____.

Action potential

The presence of a barrier between the blood stream and the brain suggested by the observation that ____.

injection of dye into the bloodstream stains all cells but those of the brain and spinal cord

Which of the following ion channel events will produce an EPSP?

Opening of a sodium channel

A mode of Ranvier is created by____.

the gap between separate pieces of myelin, formed either by oligodendrocytes or shwann cells.

A simple version of a withdrawal reflex involves a____.

pain receptor synapsing onto a motor neuron in the spinal chord.

The physical gap between two nerve cells across which messages are transmitted is the ____.

Synapse

Which statement is true of ion distribution across the axon membrane?

Sodium ions are concentrated outside the axon membrane