IONIC EQUILIBRIUM

Ionic equilibrium

Ionic substances dissociates into its ions in polar solvents

Equal number of ions

How much ions are formed in equilibrium?

Non-electrolytes

Molecules that bear no electric charge and do not conduct electricity

Electrolytes

Molecules that dissociate into their aqueous solution, and conduct electricity

Strong electrolytes

Substances that ionize completely

Weak electrolyte

Dissociation is partial in nature

Strong electrolytes

Examples are sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and hydrochloric acid

Weak electrolytes

Example of water, acetic acid and ammonia

Non-electrolytes

Example are sugar, alcohol, and oil

Increases

What happens to the ionization if mixed with a high dielectric solvent?

Higher

The larger the dilution, the __ the ionization

Larger

Higher the temperature, the __ the ionization

Decreases

Presence of common ions __ the ionization of the weak electrolyte

Strong electrostatic attraction

Why do weak electrolytes often recombine after a short while?

Donor

A bronsted-lowry acid is a proton what?

Acceptor

A bronsted-lowry base is a proton what?

Hydrogen

A bronsted-lowry acid must contain what atom?

Monoprotic acid

An acid with one acidic proton

Diprotic acid

What kind of acid is H2SO4

Neutral or net positive or negative charge

A bronsted lowry acid can be what charge?

Base

Must contain a lone pair of electron that can be used to form a new bond to the proton

Lone pairs

What makes bases neutral compounds?

OH

Base in each metal salt

Conjugate base

An acid that already donated its proton

Conjugate acid

A base that accepted the protons

Strong acid

Acid which is completely ionized in an aqueous solution

Weak acid

Acid that ionizes only slightly

HCl / hydrochloric acid

Strongest acid

Chloride ion (Cl-)

Weakest conjugate base

Pure water

Can ionize itself

Equal amounts

In pure water, H30 and OH- are formed in how many amounts?

h3O

Acidic water what is greater H30 or OH-

OH

Basic water what is greater H3O or OH

Buffer

Resists changes in pH when small amounts of a strong acid or base are added

Decreases

When same ions are attracted, how much of that ion is left?