Instrument stage 2 types of approaches and requirements

Types of precision approaches?

ILS

Types of non-precision approaches

LOC, VOR, LPV, LnavVnav, Lnav+v, Lav

What does LPV stand for

localizer performance with vertical guidance

What’s special about LPV approaches?

they are precision-like

ILS components and equip 

nav antenna, localizer (lateral), glideslope 

List the ground based approaches

ILS, LOC, VOR

List the GPS approaches

LPV, LNav, Lnav + Vnav, Lnav +V

What uses a DA?

ILS, LPV, Lnav + Vnav

What equip does the plane need for an 

What equip does the plane need for Lnav Vnav, Lnav +V

WAAS AND/OR baro-aided GPS (technically could do WAAS only, but you would have to rely on having enough satellites) 

What equip does the plane need for an Lnav approach?

IFR rated GPS with RAIM

What approaches include step down fixes?

Lnav + V and Lnav

Explain precision of vertical guidance for ILS, LPV, and Lnav + Vnav

ILS and LPV are similarly accurate and go down to a single point

Lnav + Vnav is slightly wider than an ILS, and bring you down to a general are

Where do STARs take traffic?

takes high volume traffic from the en route phase to the approach phase

difference between LPV vs. LNavVnav

LPV funnels you in, while LNavVnav is a wide lane down to the runway. They each have 2.5 degree deflection but the deflection is more SENSITIVE (key word!) in LPV

What do you need for an instrument approach

nav antennas and DME (because the localizer is shooting off of the DME). We use WAAS instea

what are cat A expanded circling minimums

1.3nm

when are circling mins 1.4nm

above 7000ft MSL

when do you

two types of holds

published on low en route chart, and unpublished holds

why is the EFC time important?

what if there’s horrible weather and ATC has to sequence everyone in holds, and you lose coms?

when might you enter a hold at an untowered airport

when only one other person is at a non-towered airport (the rule is one in, one out!!!)

AL-807 (FAA) ← what is that on a plate?

that is an identifier (like a page number) in the FULL (not 28 page) TPP

what is Amdt 02OCT25

the last time the plate was amended

32 23N-94 43W ←-what is this at the bottom of a plate?

“direct” point of the airport coordinates 

Declared distances available meaning

the black signs on runway that denote how much runway you have left (like 2, 4, 6 for hundreds of feet left)

what is 860/17 on a plate, for example

860ft da or mda, and 1700rvr

if nothing is labeled at the dotted lines to go missed, where do you go missed instead?

you have to time it (do NOT just choose the last point)

can you list McKinney (with nonstandard takeoff and alternate mins) as an alternate if you know that tower will be closed by the time you land?

mayyybe. You need to go to your airport and alternate mins and read about it. Find McKinney and you’ll see it says “NA when tower is closed” 

where do you read about non-standard alternate or takeoff mins 

in the airport docs

What is a holding pad

timeout for pilots who are too slow at copying, or timeout for landing pilots while ATC is busy

snowflake on a plate means

cold temp correction needed. change altitude

What’s unique about KMTN (martin state)

the DME arc goes straight into runway

what does CW mean on a plate?

clockwise 

how long are the DME hold nautical miles at Terryl

5nm

what do TAAs give you

guaranteed obstacle clearance to the plates

What do RNAV approaches usually do for obstacle clearance

they use a TAA

What do you do

ASR

airport surveillance radar — lateral ATC vectoring only

PAR 

precision approach radar — lateral and vertical ATC vectoring

types of procedure turns

published teardrop and course reversal

icing is on your plane at 5000. what do you do?

speed up and descend

why do you speed up during icing?

your stall speed increases because of your weight

RVSM altitudes and meaning

reduced vertical separation minimums—plates can be stacked because they are equipped with 2 ice proof altimeters. above FL290. every 2000 or 4000ft

why can’t we shoot a cat 2 approach

we don’t have the LOA from the FAA, or a HUD (heads up display) or a radio altimeter (airbus yelling altitudes)

what’s a HUD

overlaid hologram that you can still see through like on newer school bus mirrors

HAT and HATh meaning on radar minimums page 

height above touchdown zone and height above threshold  

how wide is the typical width of a localizer

5 degrees (because halfscale deflection is 2.5). On average, between

typical width of the glideslope

1.4 degrees — 0.7 degrees from either side

what’s the purpose of the approach lighting system

it’s a means to transition from instrument flight to visual flight

3 kinds of marker beacon

outer, middle, inner 

4-7m, 3500ft, and at end of runway

blue, amber, white 

dashes, dots and dashes, dots 

tell you your distance from runway 

following the feather in, white is right means you are on the

front course

a normal back course localizer is ______ unless otherwise noted

reverse sensing

what do runway end identifier lights look like

landable distance = white

then runway turns amber or red and white alternating (within 3000ft of end)

when entering last 1000ft, it goes all red