geog climate

this country: high temp & precipitation all year round, no distinct wet & dry seasons. what climate type?

tropical equatorial

this country: high temp & precipitation all year round, distinct wet & dry seasons. what climate type?

tropical monsoon

this country: 4 seasons, large temp range, even precipitation. what climate type?

cool temperate

6 stages of water cycle

1. evaporation

2. condensation

3. precipitation

4. infiltration

5. surface runoff

6. groundwater flows

relative humidity

amount of water vapour air is holding

saturated air

relative humidity at 100%

dew point

temperature where air is saturated

why temp varies as latitude varies?

solar angle changes, amount of direct solar radiation changes

why temp varies as altitude varies?

air is less dense, air pressure is lower, air has lower ability to absorb and radiate heat

temp between coastal vs land locked areas is different because of the __

maritime effect

temp between urban vs rural areas is different because of the __

urban heat island effect

at night, which breeze happens?

land breeze

which monsoon happens jun-sep?

southwest monsoon

how is convectional rain formed

water droplets in clouds collide and coalesce, becoming bigger and heavier until they fall

how is relief rain formed

prevailing winds pick up moisture over sea and push up windward side, moisture falls on windward side

name of the side of the mountain getting no relief rain

leeward side

coriolis effect: which side do winds in north deflect to?

right

natural factors of climate change (3)

1. change in earth orbit and tilt

2. sunspots

3. large scale volcanic eruptions

anthropogenic factors of climate change (2)

1. burning fossil fuels

2. change in land use

how has CC impact ocean circulations

ocean current in Atlantic Ocean slow by 15%

how has CC impact the Great Barrier Reef

2/3 corals died in 2016-2017 due to acidification

average coral cover dropped to 30% of 1960s

how migration impact marine food webs

tropical parrotfish and rabbitfish migrate to cooler Japanese and Australian waters, feed on kelp, lobsters and abalone no kelp

how migration impact terrestrial food webs

wallabies in Australia migrate to cooler altitudes, feed on herbfields, broad-toothed rates no herbfields

5 events that happen due to CC

1. heat waves

2. droughts

3. wildfires

4. floods

5. tropical cyclones

4 methods to reduce greenhouse gases (mitigation)

1. international agreements & cooperation

2. low carbon technologies

3. clean energy sources

4. changes in consumption patterns

2 methods to enhance carbon sinks (protect forests)

1. managing land use change: ban deforestation, restore mangroves

2. forest generation: afforestation, reforestation

4 ways to build community resilience (adaptation)

1. structural: build seawalls, polders, water storage tanks

2. technological: high tech farms

3. social

4. institutional: national and regional policies