Water + Carbon

Atmospheric water

Water found in the atmosphere, including water vapor with some liquid and crystals.

Cryospheric water

Water locked up as ice.

Hydrosphere

A discontinuous layer of water near Earth's surface, encompassing all liquid and frozen surface water, groundwater, and atmospheric water vapor.

Oceanic water

Water in Earth's oceans and seas, covering 72% of Earth's surface.

Terrestrial water

Includes groundwater, soil moisture, lakes, wetlands, and rivers.

Periglacial Environments

Areas of high altitude and latitude experiencing intense frosts in winter and snow-free ground in summer.

Thermohaline Ocean Circulation

Driven by density differences due to temperature and salinity variations, involving deep water formation and spreading.

El Nino

Warming of the ocean in the Southern Pacific leading to atmospheric changes and impacting global weather patterns.

Flood Hydrographs

Graphs showing the relationship between rainfall and river discharge, influenced by basin size, drainage density, rock type, land use, relief, soil saturation, and rainfall intensity.

Human Impact on Hydrological Scale

Various human activities affecting the hydrological cycle, including cloud seeding, deforestation, natural flood management, urbanization, afforestation, and dam construction.

Carbon Stores

Different reservoirs where carbon is stored, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere.

Slow Carbon Cycle

Long-term process involving natural and artificial carbon sinks that remove CO2 from the atmosphere through geological and biological mechanisms.

Carbon in the Ocean

Processes like vertical deep mixing and biological carbon pump influencing the movement of carbon in the ocean.

Fast Carbon Cycle

Rapid processes like photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and combustion that transfer carbon on various scales.

Volcanic Eruptions

Events releasing volcanic gases, aerosols, and ash, impacting global climate through the emission of sulfur dioxide and CO2.