IMAG1131 - chapter 1a ppt

Organisms are made up of….

systems

Systems are made up of….

organs

Organs are made up of….

tissues

Tissues are made up of….

cells

Cells are made up of….

molecules

Molecules are made up of….

atoms

four tissue types

1. epithelial

2. connective

3. muscular

4. nervous

a sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity

epithelial tissue

example of epithelial tissue

epidermis

support tissues that bind together and support structures

connective tissue

example of connective tissue

bones, tendons

tissue that provides movement

muscular tissue

types of muscular tissue

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

tissues that provide communication and control of body functions via signal conduction

nervous tissue

10 anatomical systems

1. circulatory

2. digestive

3. respiratory

4. integumentary

5. urinary

6. reproductive

7. nervous

8. muscular

9. endocrine

10. skeletal

bodily system that distributes oxygen to cells & transports waste products from cells

circulatory system

bodily system involved with absorption of nutrients & elimination of waste

digestive system

bodily system that supplies oxygen & eliminates carbon dioxide

respiratory system

anatomical system that eliminates carbon dioxide

respiratory system

system that transports waste products from cells

circulatory system

bodily system that protects the body & eliminates waste through perspiration

integumentary system

how does the integumentary system eliminate waste?

perspiration

which bodily system protects the body?

integumentary system

bodily system that regulates blood content & eliminates waste products

urinary system

the urinary system regulates what content?

blood content

bodily system that reproduces an organism

reproductive system

bodily system that regulates bodily activities

muscular system

bodily system that allows for movement

muscular system

another word for smooth muscle

visceral

this bodily system is made up of ductless glands

endocrine system

bodily system that regulates body activities via hormones

endocrine system

bodily system consisting of BONES

skeletal system

how many bones does an adult have?

206

number of bones in axial skeleton

80

number of bones in appendicular skeleton

126

what two skeletons make up the skeletal system?

axial & appendicular

skeleton consisting of the central axis of the body

axial skeleton

bones included in axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

bones included in appendicular skeleton

limbs, shoulder and pelvic girdles

which skeleton includes the ribs?

axial skeleton

which skeleton includes the pelvic girdle?

appendicular skeleton

study of bones

osteology

study of joints

arthrology

4 categories of bones

1. long

2. short

3. flat

4. irregular

limbs are what type of bone?

long

bones longer than wide

long

category of bones with peculiar shapes

irregular

examples of irregular bones

vertebrae, facial bones, pelvic bones

the facial bones are examples of what classification of bone?

irregular

primary ossification center of long bones

diaphysis

widening of body adjacent to epiphyseal plate; site of bone growth in length

metaphysis

Secondary ossification center at ends of long bone

epiphysis

layer of cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis

epiphyseal plate

“body” of long bones

diaphysis

generally freely movable or diarthrodial joints

synovial

7 types of synovial joints

1. gliding

2. hinge

3. pivot

4. condyloid

5. saddle

6. ball & socket

7. hinge

another term for gliding joint

plane joint

another term for pivot joint

trochoid

another term for condyloid joint

ellipsoid

another term for saddle joint

sellar

another term for ball & socket joint

spheroidal

2 types of hinge joints

ginglymus & bicondylar

intercarpal, intermetacarpal, and carpometacarpal joint types

plane (gliding)

elbow joint & interphalangeal joints type

ginglymus (hinge)

TMJ & knee joint types

bincondylar (hinge)

proximal & distal radioulnar joint type

trochoid (pivot)

c1-2 joint type

trochoid (pivot)

wrist joint type

ellipsoid (condyloid)

metacarpophalangeal joints (1st to 5th) joint type

ellipsoid (condyloid)

1st carpometacarpal joint (thumb) joint type

sellar (saddle)

hip joint type

spheroidal (ball & socket)

shoulder joint type

spheroidal (ball & socket)

Which of the following joints is classified as trichoidal or pivot?

a. wrist joint

b. proximal radioulnar

c. metacarpophalangeal

d. shoulder

proximal radioulnar

Which of the following joints is classified as ellipsoidal or condyloid?

a. wrist

b. ankle

c. interphalangeal

d. hip

interphalangeal

Which of the following joints is classified as bicondylar (hinge)?

a. metacarpophalangeal

b. first carpometacarpal joint

c. proximal radioulnar joint

d. knee

knee

Describes the body part as seen by the image receptor or other recording medium, such as a fluoroscopic screen

radiographic view

Refers to a specific body position, such as supine, prone, recumbent, erect or Trendelenburg

radiographic position

Restricted to the discussion of the patient’s physical position

radiographic position

Restricted to the discussion of a radiograph or image

radiographic view

Restricted to the discussion of the path of the central ray

radiographic position

lying on the back

supine

lying face downward

prone

lying down in any position

recumbent

decubitus

lying down with a horizontal beam (named for side down)

upright

erect

facing the image receptor

PA projection

facing the radiographic tube

AP projection

body facing away from the image receptor

AP projection

body facing away from the radiographic tube

PA projection

in anterior oblique (torso) positions, the body is facing what?

image receptor

body rotated with the left anterior portion closest to the image receptor

left anterior oblique

body rotated with the right anterior portion closest to the image receptor

right anterior oblique

RAO

right anterior oblique

LAO

left anterior oblique

with posterior oblique positions (torso), the body is facing what?

radiographic tube

body rotated with left posterior portion closest to the image receptor

left posterior oblique

body rotated with right posterior portion closest to the image receptor

right posterior oblique

RPO

right posterior oblique

LPO

left posterior oblique

joint type

spheroidal (ball and socket)