anp II chapter 21

what do the blood vessels provide structure for

• Blood flow between heart and body

• Adjusting velocity and volume of blood flow

• Exchange of nutrients and wastes

what are veins and arteries related to in lecture?

freeways

5 types of blood vessels are

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

which vessels are oxidize and which are deoxidized?

arteries/arterioles are oxidized
veins/venules are deoxidized

what do the elastic walls in arteries do?

absorbs pressure

do elastic arteries have a large or small diameter?

large diameter

what is the main function of the elastic arteries?

pressure reservoirs to push blood forward as the ventricles relax

what does the tunica interna consist of?

endothelium, basement membrane, and internal elastic lamina

what is the main feature of the tunica media?

it’s thick with the most smooth muscle

what fibers does the tunica externa have?

elastic and collagen fibers

what function does the tunica externa have?

contains nerves and helps anchor vessels to other surrounding tissue

why does the capillary have less layers?

needs to do gas exchange

do arteries or veins have valves and why?

veins have valves because it is pushing blood back towards to heart, usually against gravity

how do arteries regulate their diameter?

they constrict or dilate using the tunica media

what are the two different types of arteries?

elastic and muscular arteries

which arteries are in elastic?

aorta and pulmonary trunk/artery

which arteries are muscular?

brachial and femoral artery

are elastic arteries considered conducting or distributing arteries?

conducting arteries

what is the diameter of the muscular arteries?

medium diameter

what happens during vasodilation?

blood vessels generally increase in diameter, allowing for greater blood flow

where are capillaries more numerous in?

areas with high metabolic requirements

what are fenestrated capillaries?

capillaries with numerous pores in them to allow for increased permeability

where are fenestrated capillaries found?

kidneys, small intestine, most endocrine glands

what are continuous capillaries?

most common type of capillary with intercellular clefts

where are continuous capillaries found?

found in the CNS, muscle tissue, and skin

what are sinusoid capillaries?

capillaries with lots of holes to allow for a lot of exchange and escape

where are sinusoid capillaries found?

found in spleen, liver, lymph nodes, adrenal glands

what is venous return?

volume of blood flowing back to the heart

how is venous return done? (3 ways)

valves
respiratory pump
skeletal muscle pump

what is the respiratory pump

this is venous return through breathing where the abdominal cavity gets compressed to push blood back to the heart

what is the skeletal muscle pump

this is when a limb, usually the leg or arm, gets flexed and the muscles squeeze the vein to push blood back to the heart

where is the biggest muscle pump?

in the legs

where is the majority of blood held at rest in the body?

veins and venules

what are the three methods of capillary exchange

diffusion
transcytosis
bulk flow

what is transcytosis

substances are enclosed within a structure to be transported

what is bulk flow

large number of substances are moved in the same direction

which is the most important method for capillary exchange

diffusion

which soluble can move past fenestrations but not past membranes?

water soluble

which don’t need fenestrations and can move across the plasma membrane

lipid soluble

what occurs when there is more filtration that reabsorption?

edema occursw

what are the three things that BP is determined by?

vascular resistance
blood volume
cardia output

what are the types of shock?

hypovolemic
cardiogenic
vascular
obstructive

what is hypovolemic shock caused by

low volume of bodily fluids

what is cardiogenic shock caused by

heart pump failure

what is vascular shock caused by

vasodilation from an allergic react in or head trauma

what is obstructive shock caused by

blocked circulation of bloodsi