whap terms

final ap test for whap vocab

Silk Roads

Ancient trade routes connecting East and West.

Abbasid Empire

Revived trade routes during its rule.

Tang China

Provided popular trade goods before Song dynasty.

Mongol Empire

Improved road safety and trade efficiency.

Kashgar

Key trading city with resources in China.

Samarkand

Cultural exchange center in present-day Uzbekistan.

Caravanserai

Inns spaced 100 miles for camel caravans.

Caravans

Groups of merchants traveling for safety.

Flying Cash

China's credit system inspiring banking development.

Proto-industrialization

Early industrial growth driven by increased demand.

Diasporic Communities

Settlements of merchants away from their homeland.

Spice Islands

Source of nutmeg, cinnamon, and cloves.

Swahili City States

East African cities thriving on trade.

Monsoon Winds

Seasonal winds aiding Indian Ocean navigation.

Zheng He

Chinese explorer known for maritime voyages.

Lateen Sails

Sails designed to catch winds effectively.

Stern Rudder

Stabilizing ship technology invented by China.

Astrolabe

Navigational tool developed by Muslim scholars.

Mali Empire

Profited from gold trade and taxation.

Timbuktu

Cultural center for trade and Islamic learning.

Mansa Musa

Famous for his pilgrimage and wealth display.

Camel Saddles

Innovative designs allowing heavy loads in deserts.

Trans-Sahara Trade

Trade network connecting West Africa and Europe.

Genghis Khan

Temujin, leader of the Mongol Empire.

Pax Mongolica

Period of stability and peace under Mongol rule.

Silk Roads

Trade routes revitalized by Mongol protection.

Cultural Inclusion

Mongol governance promoting diverse cultural practices.

Bubonic Plague

Disease spread via trade, killing millions.

Neo-Confucianism

Philosophy blending Confucianism with Buddhist ideas.

Champa Rice

High-yield rice variety boosting Chinese population.

Gunpowder

Explosive material revolutionizing warfare techniques.

Maritime Technology

Advancements like astrolabe enhancing navigation.

Islamic Empire

Fractured into three states post-Mongol decline.

Safavid Empire

One of the three states from Islamic Empire.

Ottoman Empire

Another state emerging from the fractured Islamic Empire.

Mughal Empire

Third state from the Islamic Empire's fragmentation.

Ibn Battuta

Muslim traveler documenting Islamic influence globally.

Marco Polo

European traveler sparking interest in China.

Cultural Exchange

Transfer of ideas and practices through trade.

Buddhism Spread

Buddhism reaching China, Japan, and Korea.

Architectural Impact

Blend of Hindu and Buddhist styles in monuments.

Agricultural Efficiency

Improvements in farming techniques due to trade.

Religious Tolerance

Mongol policy accepting various religions.

Long-term Impact on Russia

Isolation led to rapid Westernization attempts.

Long-term Impact on China

Dissolution and eventual return of scholar gentry.

Long-term Impact on Islamic Empire

Emergence of three distinct Islamic states.

Mayans

Civilization in Southern Mexico and Central America.

Aztecs

Empire in the same region as Mayans.

Inca

Empire located in mountainous Peru.

Chinampas

Floating gardens used by Aztecs for agriculture.

Terraced Farming

Agricultural method used by Incas on mountains.

Pochteca

Special merchants trading luxury goods in Aztec society.

Mita System

Mandatory public service system in Inca society.

Quipu

Knotted strings used by Incas for record-keeping.

Carpa Nan

Extensive road network of the Inca Empire.

Polytheism

Belief in multiple gods, practiced by all three civilizations.

Theocracy

Government system where rulers claim divine authority.

Tenochtitlan

Capital city of the Aztec Empire.

Sacrificial Ceremonies

Religious practices involving sacrifices to gods.

Tribute System

Aztec method of collecting resources from provinces.

Kings and Priests

Most important social classes in Mayan society.

Ancestor Veneration

Worship of ancestors, practiced by Incas.

Civil War

Conflict in Inca Empire after emperor's death.

Deforestation

Environmental issue contributing to Mayan decline.

Famine

Food scarcity affecting the Mayans' survival.

Spanish Conquest

Violent takeover leading to decline of Aztecs and Incas.

Rebellion Against Tribute

Resistance by Aztecs against imposed resource collection.

Disease

Major factor in the decline of Aztec and Inca.

Iron

Metal used extensively for weaponry in Africa.

Metallurgy

Ability to manipulate metals for various uses.

Swahili

Cultural blend of Bantu and Arabic in East Africa.

Mortarless Architecture

Stone structures built without mortar, seen in Zimbabwe.

Animism

Religious belief in spiritual beings in nature.

Griots/Griottes

Oral historians and storytellers in African cultures.

Trans Sahara Trade Route

Trade link between West Africa and the Middle East.

Indian Ocean Trade

Trade network connecting East Africa to Asia.

Indian Ocean Slave Trade

Slave trade involving East Africa and surrounding regions.

Items Traded

Gold, ivory, and salt primarily traded in Africa.

Kinship Networks

Social organization based on familial relationships.

Patriarchy

Social system prioritizing male authority and roles.

Chattel Slavery

Type of slavery where individuals are property.

Mali Empire

Centralized trading society in West Africa, notable rulers.

Sundiata

Founding ruler of the Mali Empire.

Mansa Musa

Wealthy ruler of Mali known for pilgrimage.

Hausa Kingdoms

Example of larger kingdoms evolved from kinship.

Little Ice Age

Period of cooler temperatures affecting agriculture.

Feudalism

Political system based on land ownership and service.

Black Death

Bubonic plague that spread due to trade.

Great Schism

Division between Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches.

Crusades

Religious wars between Christians and Muslims.

Renaissance

Cultural revival of arts and philosophy in Europe.

Bourgeoisie

Emerging middle class during Medieval Europe.