Chapter 18: Air Pollution

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23 Terms

1

What is the composition of the atmosphere?

nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), argon (0.9%), trace gases (0.1%)

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2

Which atmosphere layer is 10 km long, has 75-80% of atmospheric gases, bad ozone, and weather occurs here?

troposphere

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3

Which atmosphere layer has the ozone layer, with good ozone higher and bad ozone lower?

stratosphere

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4

Which atmosphere layer is the coldest at -90 degrees Celsius?

mesosphere

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5

Which atmosphere layer extends into outer space: the ionosphere reflects radio waves while the exosphere exists as the boundary to space?

thermosphere

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6

What can be described as the presence of chemicals in the atmosphere harming living things?

air pollution

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7

What are products of natural and human activities?

primary pollutants

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8

primary pollutant + air component = ?

secondary pollutants

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9

What are the SIX major classes of air pollutants?

NOSeCLiP: nitrogen, ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, particulates

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10

NOx + VOC + UV light = ?

photochemical smog

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11

Which form of air pollution control is used in automobiles to lessen the harm of some gases (ex: CO2, NOx)?

catalytic converter

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12

Which form of air pollution control puts smokestake gases through CaO (lime) or CaCO3 to remove SO2?

wet and dry scrubbers

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13

Which form of air pollution control removes particulates with an induced electrical charge?

electrostatic precipitators

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14

Which form of air pollution control is on gasoline pumps to stop gas fumes from escaping?

vapor recovery nozzle

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15

Which form of air pollution control is a combustion process?

afterburners

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16

What happened in Salt Lake City, Utah?

thermal inversion (warm air on top traps cool air underneath)

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17

What is a mixture of acid precipitation and particles on the Earth’s surface?

acid deposition

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18

what a

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19

Effects of acid deposition:

plant damage, soil acidification, lake acidification (pH changes)

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20

What is air pollution inside buildings with poor air quality called?

sick-building syndrome

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21

Examples of health issues due to air pollutants:

lung cancer, asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

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22

What did the Clean Air Acts (1907, 1977, 1990) accomplish?

national ambient air quality standards (NAAQs), nation toxic air pollutant emission standards; “Clear Skies” increased pollution quota for companies

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23

Name FOUR deficiencies of the Clean Air Acts:

more reliance on cleanup not prevention, no increase in fuel efficiency or emission standards, 30-year permits for municipal trash incinerators, weak standards for incinerators and GHG emissions

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