Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory

Bandits believed behavior occurred as a result of a complex interplay between ________ and __________

inner processes; environmental influences

Bandura places special emphasis on the role of _______________ of behavior as a result of the actual cause of behavior

cognitive determinants

social learning theory

bridge between behaviorist and cognitive learning theory due to bandura’s explain action of various stages of social learning

triadic reciprocal determinism

theory the cognition, behavior, and environment influences and operate interactively as determinants of one another

Over time we use both ________ and ____________ to guid our behavior and solve problems symbolically

verbal representation; imaginal representation

evenutally we can see probable consequences of our behavior and modify our actions accordingly; use both _________ and ___________ behavior

insightful; foresightful

Bandura believed behavior is regulated by _________________

anticipated outcomes

anticipated outcomes

expectation that certain behavior will have desired effects, others will have unwanted outcomes, and others are insignificant

Bandura disagreed with skinner that: (3)

• reinforcement/punish automatically strengthens/weakens behavior

• behavior results from our direct experiences of rewards and punishments

• reinforcement/punish do not fully account for the way behavior is aquired, maintained, or altered

bandura believed direct reinforcement could not account fo all types of learning. his theory added a ___________ element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people

social

observational learning

learning in which new responses are made as a result of watching the performance of others (imitative learning)

modeling

the process of observational learning where individuals learn new behavior while observing others; modeling is a form of learning where actual behavior does not need to occur and is considered necessary to avoid trial and error

factors that play a role in modeling (4)

1. personality characteristics

2. prior experiences

3. characteristics of the model

4. rewards and punishments associated with the model

vicarious reinforcement

willingness to imitate the behavior of a model after observing that the model was reinforced for the bahvior

4 steps of social learning theory

1. attention

2. retention

3. reproduction

4. motivation

Ultimately, people learn from one another, via _________, ____________, and ____________. As a result, people learn a variety of behaviors that actively decide whether or not to perform them on the basis fo their estimate of consequences.

observation, imitation, modeling

Bandura believed punishment does not prevent the acquisition of _________ behaviors and can surface later under appropriate circumstances.

immoral

Is the media harmful?

yes

2 major recommendations regarding modifying and control of media representation of aggressive and violent behavior

1. create more constructive shows and video games

2. more parental control and involvement

   • limit their children’s exposure to media violenve

   • monitor the content of programs in advanced

   • model nonaggressive behavior

   • reward nonviolent behavior

What experiment was Bandura known for?

Bobo Doll experiment

theory of self-efficacy

emphasizes the role of observational learning and social experience in the development of personality; attempts to explain why people deal with challenges differently

self efficacy

One’s belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task

efficacy expectations

belief or conviction on the part of individuals that they can produce certain behaviors (not actual skills)

According to Bandura, competent functioning requires both _____ and _____________________

skills; judgements of self-efficacy

Efficacy expectations are rooted in out personal experiences: (4)

1. master experiences

2. vicarious experiences

3. verbal persuasion

4. emotional and physiological states

mastery skills

gained when we succeed in a new challenge; why the best way to learn a new skill is to keep practicing. when we do this, we teach ourselves we can learn new skills and be capable of putting in the require work

vicarious experiences

things learned from a teacher, mentor, or role model; positive role models with healthy levels of self-efficacy teach us to believe in ourselves; those we see as important and who have an impact on our daily life

verbal persuasion

another kind of vicarious experience but relates to what we are told as children; when we have an important role model telling use we are capable of anything and can face any challenge, we are more likely to retain this belief; this helps us at the moment by motiving

emotional and physiological states

refers to the importance of health and well-being in the development of self-efficacy. when our health is low, it is more difficult to feel confident in out abilities; hard to maintain self-efficacy when battling with anxiety or depression

2 major life areas of self-efficacy

1. career choice and job performance

2. physical and mental health

personality development

social cognitive experiences play a major role in the development and modifications of behavior throughout the process

self modeling

type of learning in which individuals watch themselves behave in a situationally appropriate manner via videotape and then show the same behaviors later on