Procedures Skull/Facial Bones Anatomy Test

how many bones make up the skull

22

how many cranial bones are there

8

how many facial bones are there

14

the cranial bones are divided into what 2 categories

calvaria and floor bones

which bones are bones of the calvaria

frontal, occipital, right parietal, left parietal

which bones are cranial floor bones

ethmoid, sphenoid, right temporal, left temporal

know what the squama is on all bones

flat, thin plate like part of the bones

what is the diploe

inner layer of spongy bone separating 2 outer plates of compact tissue

what is sutures

fibrous joints that connect bones of the skull

what are fontanelles and how may are there

incomplete ossification of the skull bones to allow growth, 6

where is the coronal suture

found between frontal and parietal bones

where is the sagittal suture

top of the head between the 2 parietal bones

where is the squamosal suture

suture between the temporal and parietal bones

where is the lambdoidal suture

suture between the occipital and parietal bones

what is the bregma

the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures

what is the lambda

junction of the lambdoidal and sagittal sutures

when is the adult cranial size usually achieved

12 years old

what are the 3 general regions of the cranial floor

anterior, middle, posterior

define/identify the glabella

between the eyebrows

define/identify orbital plates

roofs of the orbit

define/identify supraorbital foramen

hole located above the orbit for nerves and blood vessels

define/identify superciliary arch

arched ridge where eyebrows are

define/identify supraorbital margins

the top of the orbit/upper border of eye

define/identify frontal eminence

rounded elevation on each side of frontal bone

define/identify frontal squama

forms forehead and anterior part of the cranial vault

define/idenitfy superior and middle nasal concha

project inferiorly from medial walls of labyrinths are 2 thin scroll shaped processes

define/identify labyrinths

contain ethmoidal sinuses/air cells, forms part of medial walls of orbits and lateral walls of nasal cavity

define/identify perpendicular plate

vertical portion of ethmoid that forms superior portion of bony nasal septum

define/identify cristi galli

thick, conical process that projects superiorly from midline

define/identify cribriform plate

horizontal portion of ethmoid with many small holes in it for transmission of the olfactory nerves

the parietal bone is surrounded by what

frontal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and opposite parietal bone

what is the parietal eminence

prominent bulge located near central portions of parietal bone

what shape is the sphenoid bone

wedge shaped, bat shaped

where does the pituitary gland sit

inside the sella turcica

define/identify the pterygoid hamulus

hooked shaped process on the medial laminae

define/identify pterygoid process

on underneath side of the sphenoid and projects downward from the body

define/identify posterior clinoid processes

top borders of the dorsum sellae

define/identify the dorsum sellae

posterior part of the sella turcica

define/identify tuberculum sellae

anterior part of the sella turcica

define/identify sella turcica

deep depression on superior surface of body that houses pituitary gland

define/identify greater wings

arise from the sides of the body and curve laterally

define/identify the 2 lesser wings

triangular shaped and most anterior horizontal part of the sphenoid

define/identify the clivus

slanted are of bone posterior and inferior to dorsum, continuous with basilar area of occipital, and supports pons of the brain

define/identify body of sphenoid

center part of sphenoid contains 2 sphenoid sinuses

define/identify anterior clinoid processes

2 bony processes that project posteriorly from medial ends of lesser wings

define/identify optic foramen

hole located under lesser wings and projects into posterior orbit

define/identify occipitoatlantal joint

only articulation between the skull and neck

define/identify foramen magnum

large opening through which medulla oblongta (part of the brain) passes as it exits the cranium

define/identify basilar portion

curves anteriorly and superiorly to its junction with the body of the sphenoid

define/identify occipital condyles

project anteriorly from each side of squama and fuse at basilar portion to complete foramen magnum, creates occipitoatlantal joint

define/identify petromastoid portion

where the petrous and mastoid portions join together on temporal bone

define/identify zygomatic process

prominent arched process that projects anteriorly to articulate with zygoma and complete the zygomatic arch

define/identify styloid process

slender, pointed bone projecting downward from the EAM

define/identify tympanic portion

below the squama and in front of the mastoid and petrous portions of the temporal bone

define/identify the IAM

internal acoustic meatus: center of posterior petrous portion and transmits vestibulocechlear and facial nerves

define/identify petrous portion

located internally, pyramid shape, thickest/densest bone in the cranium

define/identify mastoid process

large bony prominence located directly behind the EAM and contains the mastoid air cells

define/identify EAM

External Acoustic meatus: outer opening of the ear

define/identify mandibular fossa

receives condyle of mandible to form temporomandibular (TMJ) joint

define/identify articular tubercle of temporal bone

located on inferior border of zygomatic process

where are organs of hearing (what part of the temporal bone)

petrous pyramid/ridge

what is largest moveable bone of the face

mandible

the curved horizontal portion of the mandible is the

body

the vertical portion of the mandible is the

ramus

the junction of the body and the ramus is the

angle (gonion)

the bump on the tip of the chin is the

mental protuberance

the junction of the right and left halves of the mandible is the

symphysis

the roots of the teeth are supported by this

alveolar portion

nerves and blood vessels travel through this hole located on each side of the body of the mandible

mental foramen

the anterior portion of the ramus is the _____ process

coronoid process

the posterior portion of the ramus that articulates with the mandibular fossa is called the

condylar process

where is the mandibular notch located

a concave area between the coronoid and condylar processes

how many sinuses are there

4

what is within the normal sinus

air

what are the 3 functions of the sinuses

warm/moisten inhaled air, decrease weight of the skull, provide resonating chamber for voice

these sinuses are cloud shaped and located over midline

frontal sinuses

the largest sinuses are the ____

maxillary sinuses

the 2nd largest sinuses are the ____

frontal sinuses

which sinuses are located between the orbits

ethmoidal sinuses

what sinuses are triangular shaped

maxillary sinuses

the maxillary sinuses are located on either side of the

nose

the sphenoid sinuses are directly under the _____

sella turcica

how many bones make up the orbit

7 bones

what bones make up the orbit

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxilla, zygoma, lacrimal, palatine

what skull bones make up the orbit

frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid

what facial bones make up the orbit

maxilla, zygoma, lacrimal, palatine

which bones of the orbit form the rim/circumference

frontal, zygoma, maxilla

which bones of the orbit form the posterior aspect of the orbit

sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal, palatine

what is a basal fracture

fracture located at the base of the skull

what is a blowout fracture

fracture of the floor of the orbit

what is countercoup fracture

fracture to one side of a structure caused by trauma to the other side

what is a depressed fracture

fracture causing a portion of the skull to be pushed into the cranial cavity

what is le fort fracture

bilateral horizontal fractures of the maxillae

what is the linear fracture

irregular or jogged fracture of the skull

what is the tripod fracture

fracture of the zygomatic arch and orbital floor or rim and dislocation of the frontozygomatic suture

what is mastoiditis

inflammation of the mastoid antrum and air cells

what is metastasis

transfer of cancerous lesion from one area to another

what is osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone due to a pyogenic infection

what is TMJ syndrome

dysfunction of temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

what is pituitary adenoma

tumor arising from the pituitary gland, usually in the anterior lobe