hereditary

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

 common in premature infants, occurring in approximately 80% of infants born before 28 weeks of gestation, especially in those with respiratory distress syndrome.

—is a temporary vessel that is used during in utero life shunts blood from the pulmonary artery into the systemic circulation because the pulmonary circulation is not needed during this time

Septal Defects

 Allows the blood to be shunted between the two chambers mixing pulmonary and systemic blood

 This shunting of the blood results in an enlargement of the right side of the heart and increased pulmonary vascularity as the lungs overload with blood

Atrial septal defects

are the most common congenital heart defect, responsible for about 10% of all cases of congenital heart disease

Ventricular septal defect

are more serious because the pressure difference is greater between the ventricles than between the atria

 (1) pulmonary stenosis,

 (2) ventricular septal defect,

 (3) overriding aorta, and

 (4) hypertrophy of the right ventricle

Tetralogy of Fallot

 is a combination of four defects: