Elements and Compounds Vocabulary

Flashcards containing a vocabulary term and its definition related to elements and compounds.

Elements

Substances that cannot be broken down by chemical methods and are the same everywhere.

Chemical Symbol

A standardized method with a chemical symbol that starts with a capital letter and may have a second lowercase letter.

Natrium

The Latin name for sodium carbonate.

Aurum

The Latin name for gold.

Atoms

The building blocks of matter

Solid Sphere

Atom is a solid indivisible sphere.

Plum Pudding

Negative electrons are embedded in a sea of positive charges.

Nuclear

Positive charges are located within a central nucleus.

Planetary

Electrons are restricted in circular orbits with different energy levels.

Quantum

Electrons are in clouds surrounding the nucleus and this cloud is less dense.

Protons

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutrons

Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom; they have no charge.

Electrons

Negatively charged particles that orbit around the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus; it determines the element's identity.

Mass Number

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

Molecules

Two or more atoms chemically combined.

Periodic Table

Elements with similar properties placed in vertical columns.

Law of Octaves

Every 8th element had similar chemical properties when elements listed by increasing mass

Periods

Horizontal rows in the periodic table.

Groups

Vertical columns in the periodic table; elements in the same group have similar properties.

Alkali Metals

Very reactive elements; not found in pure form in nature.

Alkaline Earth Metals

Reactive elements, but less reactive than alkali metals.

Transition Metals

Elements that often form colored compounds.

Halogens

Non-metals, very reactive elements.

Noble Gases

Nonreactive elements.

Metals

Elements that are shiny, usually solid at room temperature (except mercury), and good conductors of heat and electricity.

Non-metals

Elements that are dull (not shiny), exist in various states at room temperature, and are poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators).

Compounds

Substances made of more than one element.