Urbanisation

Section A: Urban issues and challenges

Define ‘Urban’

a built-up area characterized by a high density of human structures like buildings, roads, and infrastructure, and a high concentration of people

Define ‘rural’

areas characterized by low population density, open spaces, and predominantly agricultural or natural landscapes, such as countryside

define ‘urbanisation’

The increasing proportion of people living in built environment such as towns and cities

Where do more people live?

urban areas

How many people are needed to make a megacity

10 million

Which countries have the largest proportion of their population living in towns and cities?

HICs

What percentage of the UKs population lives in urban areas?

75%

What percentage of the population of Africa lives in rural areas?

58%

Which two factors affect the rate of urban change?

natural increase, rural to urban migration

define ‘rural to urban migration’

the movement of people from the countryside into cities

What are the two main reasons for rural to urban migration?

push factors, pull factors

name 5 push factors

famine, flooding, lack of employment opportunities, lack of services, population growth

name 5 pull factors

better paying jobs, access to services, higher standard of living, better jobs, linked migration

define ‘linked migration’

A relative who has moved to the city encourages more people to move there

define ‘natural increase’

The difference between birth rates and death rates (in urban areas the birth rate exceeds the death rate leading to an increasing population)

explain the process of natural increase

people who move to the city are usually young and seeking work, once employed and living well they have children, the birth rate increases, better healthcare and food in the city leads to a decrease in mortality rates, death rates decrease, population increases leading to natural increase