Quiz 3-4 Cellular level, DNA protein

The selectively permeable membrane encompassing a cell is the:

plasma membrane

Ribosomes:

synthesize proteins

Mitochondria:

produce ATP for the cell

The force or pressure (psi) of water in a closed vessel is:

hydrostatic pressure

This acts as a single tail to provide a cell with propulsion:

flagella

Diffusion is the movement of:

particles from a high to low concentration

Transcription:

is the process of making RNA from the DNA template

The combination of concentration and electrical gradients across a membrane is called:

electrochemical gradient

The membrane encompassing the nucleus is the:

nuclear envelope

The inside of the lipid bilayer where the "tails" are:

hydrophobic

Phase of mitosis in which chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell:

metaphase

Translation is:

the actual production of a protein

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes begin to leave the middle of the cell and move toward the centriole:

anaphase

Normal non-sexual cells have this many pairs of chromosomes:

23

Nucleosomes are linked together by strands called:

linker DNA

This cell organelle lacks ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis:

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

This cell organelle is responsible for "packaging" proteins and lipids:

golgi apparatus

These are structures that increase the surface area of a cell:

microvilli

This cell organelle is sometimes activated for the cell to destroy itself:

lysosomes

These are responsible for identifying the cells as self or non-self:

glycocalyx

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane:

osmosis

The difference between the tonicity of a solution on opposite sides of a membrane is:

concentration gradient

Hydrophobic substances are:

not water soluble

A form of endocytosis which involves one cell engulfing another is:

phagocytosis

Peroxisomes:

have oxidizing enzymes that produce H₂O₂

The plasma membrane is made of:

a bilayer of phospholipids

The cytoplasm consists of:

cytosol and all organelles

Channel-mediated diffusion:

is a form of passive diffusion

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes have been moved all the way to the centrioles:

telophase

A hypertonic solution has:

a higher concentration of solute than a hypotonic solution