Chem Limitng reagent test defenitions

Concentrated solution

A solution with a high solute to solvent ratio. e.g a 10 Mol-1 solution

Dilute solution

A solution with a low solvent to solution ration
e.g a 0.01 Mol-1 solution

Saturated solution

A solution with the exact amount of solute dissolved

Unsaturated solution 

A solution in which more solute needs to be dissolved into the solvent

Ionisation

When 2 substances (molecular) react together for form ions

E.G HCl + H2O -> Cl- + H3O+

Dissociation

When an ionic substance breaks into its ions

Nacl(g) + H2O(l) → Cl- + H3O+

Strong Electrolyte

A substance that conducts a large amount of electricity.
e.g all strong acids and bases or soluble ionic salts

Weak electrolyte

A substance that conducts a small amount of electricity
e.g Weak acids, weak bases

non-electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water but does not form any ions.
e.g sugar

Strong acid

An acid that completely iodises in water.
e.g HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃

Weak acid

An acid that only partially ionises in water
e.g any acid that is not a strong acid.
CH3COOH^- ←> H⁺ + CH₃COO^-

Strong base

A base that completely dissociates in water
e.g NaOH^-

Weak base

A base that only partially disocciates in water.
e.g any base that is not NaOH^-

Monoprotic acid

An acid that contains one ionisable hydrogen ion

e.g HCl^-

Diprotic acid

An acid that contains two ionisable hydrogen ions.
e.g H₂SO₄

Polyprotic acid

An acid that contains more than two ionisable hydrogen ions
e.g H₃PO₄

Acid defenition

A substance that produces H⁺ Ions
e.g HCl⁺ → H⁺ + Cl^-

Base definition

A substance that produces OH^- Ions
e.g NaOH → Na⁺ + OH^-

Properties of an acid

1. Corrosive

2. Tastes sour

3. Turns litmus paper red

4. Turns universal indicator red

Properties of a base

1. Tastes bitter

2. Slippery

3. Turns litmus paper blue

4. Turns universal indicator blue

The compounds you always want to create when finding the unkown?

1. AgCl

2. AgI

3. BaSO₄

4. PbI₂

5. Mg(OH)₂