M8: Protein Denaturation (Part 1)

Proline

Out of the 20 amino acids, 1 is not an alpha amino acid ___________

Denaturation of a Protein

Refers to the unfolding and rearrangement of the secondary and tertiary structures of a protein without breaking the peptide bonds, and it does not affect the primary structure of Protein.

Reversible Denaturation

When the conditions for denaturation are mild, the protein can be restored to its original conformation by carefully reversing the conditions that caused the denaturation.

Irreversible Denaturation

If the conditions that caused the denaturation are drastic, the protein will coagulate or precipitate from the solution.

Hydrogen bonds

Heat disrupts ___________

[+] Formation of More White Coagulate

Result of Albumin in Heat disrupts Hydrogen bonds

[+] Formation of Less White Coagulate

Result of Casein in Heat Disrupts Hydrogen bonds

[+] Formation of Colorless Coagulate

Result of Gelatin in Heat disrupts Hydrogen bonds

Electrostatic Attraction and Disulfide bonds

Salts of Heavy metals disrupts ______________

[+] Formation of Coagulate; All Proteins

Heat disrupts Hydrogen bonds

[+] Formation of Coagulate; All Proteins

Salts of Heavy metals disrupts Electrostatic attraction and Disulfide bonds

Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

Alkaloidal reagents disrupts ______________

[+] Formation of Coagulate; All Proteins

Alkaloidal reagents disrupt Electrostatic Attractions and Hydrogen bonds

[+] Yellow Coagulate

Result of Albumin + Picric Acid Solution in Alkaloidal reagents disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

[+] Cream/ Brown Coagulate

Result of Albumin + Tannic Acid Solution in Alkaloidal reagents disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

[+] White Coagulate

Result of Albumin + Trichloroacetic Acid Solution in Alkaloidal reagents disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

Strong Acids disrupt ___________________

[+] Formation of Coagulate which then dissolves forming a clear solution; All Proteins

Strong Acids disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

[+] Formation of Yellow Coagulate to Clear yellow solution

Result of Albumin + HNO3 in Strong acids disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

[+] Formation of White Coagulate to Clear Colorless Solution

Result of Albumin + HCl in Strong acids disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

Hydrogen bonds

Alcohol disrupts _____________

[+] Formation of Coagulate; All proteins

Alcohols disrupt Hydrogen bonds

[+] Greatest amount of White coagulate

Result of Albumin + 95% Ethyl Alcohol in Alcohol disrupt Hydrogen bonds

[+] Moderate amount of White coagulate

Result of Albumin + 70% Ethyl Alcohol in Alcohol disrupt Hydrogen bonds

[+]Least amount of White coagulate

Result of Albumin + 40% Ethyl Alcohol in Alcohol disrupt Hydrogen bonds

Water solubility

Loss of ___________ is a frequent physical consequence of Protein Denaturation

Coagulation

The precipitation out of a biochemical solution of denatured protein

Heat disrupts Hydrogen bonds

Egg white, a substance containing high percentage of protein coagulates on frying or boiling.

Heat disrupts Hydrogen bonds

Cooking makes the protein in meat more tender to chew and easily digested. And also kills microorganisms/ parasites present in the meat.

Heat disrupts Hydrogen bonds

Sterilization of instruments and clothing for use in operating rooms requires the use of high temperatures.

Heat disrupts Hydrogen bonds

The presence of protein in Urine can be determined by heating a sample of urine, which will cause the coagulation of any protein material that is present.

Cauterization

____________ in surgery heat is often used to seal small blood vessels.

Heat disrupts Hydrogen bonds

Cauterization, in surgery heat is often used to seal small blood vessels.

41* C

A temperature above _______ causes the inactivation of enzymes through denaturation. It can have lethal effects on the body chemistry.

Salts of Heavy metals disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Disulfide bonds

The antidote for Mercuric chloride or Silver nitrate when these poisons are taken internally is Egg white.

Egg White

The antidote for Mercuric chloride or Silver nitrate when these poisons are taken internally is ____________

Salts of Heavy metals disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Disulfide bonds

Presence of too much Hg in skin lightening/ whitening magic creams

Salts of Heavy metals disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Disulfide bonds

Dilute Silver nitrate is used to prevent Gonorrhea infections in the eyes of newborn infants. Silver nitrate is also used in the treatment of nose and throat infections, as well as to cauterize wounds.

Dilute Silver nitrate

_____________ is used to prevent Gonorrhea infections in the eyes of newborn infants, and is also used in the treatment of nose and throat infections, as well as to cauterize wounds.

Salts of Heavy metals disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Disulfide bonds

Use of Merthiolate as a cheap antiseptic in wounds from manicure/ pedicure.

Merthiolate

Use of __________ as a cheap antiseptic in wounds from manicure/ pedicure

Alkaloidal reagents disrupts Electrostatic Attraction and Hydrogen bonds

Picric acid has antiseptic and an astringent properties. For medical use it is incorporated in a surface anesthetic oitment or solution and burn ointments.

Amines (Organic bases)

Alkaloidal reagents are acids that combine with alkaloids, while alkaloids are naturally occurring ________ from plants.