further aspects of covalent bonding

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/12

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

13 Terms

1
New cards

how sigma bonds are formed

formed by the direct head-on/end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals; combine along a line drawn through the two nuclei to form a new molecular orbital. This results in the electron density concentrated between the nuclei of the bonding atoms

<p>formed by the direct head-on/end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals; combine along a line drawn through the two nuclei to form a new molecular orbital. This results in the electron density concentrated between the nuclei of the bonding atoms</p>
2
New cards

how pi bonds are formed

formed by the sideways overlap of atomic orbitals. This results in the electron density being above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonding atoms.

<p>formed by the sideways overlap of atomic orbitals. This results in the electron density being above and below the plane of the nuclei of the bonding atoms. </p>
3
New cards

how to find preferred lewis structure

FC = (Number of valence electrons) − ½(Number of bonding electrons) − (Number of non-bonding electrons).
The preferred Lewis structure is the one with the atoms having formal charge values closest to zero.

4
New cards

formal charge

charge an atom would have if all atoms in the molecule had the same electronegativity

5
New cards

delocalisation

When electrons are shared by, or between, more than one pair of atoms in a molecule or ion (as opposed to the electrons being localized between just two of atoms).

6
New cards

resonance structures

one of two or more alternative Lewis structures for a molecule or ion that cannot be described fully with one Lewis structure alone.

7
New cards

what a single bond is made up of

one sigma bond

8
New cards

what a double bond is made up of

one sigma bond and one pi bond

9
New cards
10
New cards

ozone and oxygen

ozone bond order= 1.5 due to delocalisation, o2 double bond, bond order= 2

→ therefore, ozone requires higher energy to break an oxygen-oxygen bond, but both require energy in the ultraviolet area of the spectrum.

11
New cards

ozone layer features

ozone and oxygen are in equilibrium, ozone is being continually formed and decomposed, absorbing uv light in the process

→ reduces the amount of low and high uv radiation reaching the earth surface

12
New cards

ozone depletion catalysed by cfcs

carbon - cl bonds are broken down in the presence of UV light to form radicals that can break down ozone and propagate more radicals

<p>carbon - cl bonds are broken down in the presence of UV light to form radicals that can break down ozone and propagate more radicals</p>
13
New cards

ozone depletion catalysed by NOx

both oxygen radical and nitrogen monoxide can decompose O3. the reaction with NO regenerates the catalyst

<p>both oxygen radical and nitrogen monoxide can decompose O3. the reaction with NO regenerates the catalyst </p>