Final Chapter 6+9 lectures 10-11

protection

bones protect organs from phyiscal damage

energy

bones store adipose tissue that can release lipids into blood as source of energy

hematopoises

many bones contain cavities filled with red bone marrow, which gives rise to blood cells and platelets

some minerals (calcium + phosphate)

are stored in the bone. these minerals are released into blood when needed

rigid support

Bone is well-suited for bearing weight and is a major supporting tissue of the body. Cartilage provides firm yet flexible support. Ligaments are strong fibrous connective tissue that holds bones together.

movement

muscles attach to bones by tendons, which allows this. Also cartilage covers the ends of bones (joints), allowing bones to move without physical abrasion.

vitamin d production

it is important for the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis

calcium homeostasis

regulates serum calcium levels so that they are maintained within a very narrow range

bone cell types

osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, bone stem cells

osteoblasts

are bone forming cells - active when high Ca

osteocytes

are mature bone cells - formed by mature osteoblasts when there is high Ca

osteoclasts

reabsorb or break down bone - active when low Ca

bone stem cell/ osteogenic cell

make new osteoblasts and osteoclasts

fibrous / synarthroses

are non movable joints

cartliagenous / amphiarthorses

are slightly moveable joints

synovial / diarthroses

are freely movable joints

fibrous joints

The connections between two bones held together by fibrous tissue. They have little to no movement.

some fibrous joints

move very little. the bones are farther apart than a suture and formed by ligaments. This allows for slight flexibility.

cartilaginous joints

held two bones together by a pad of cartilage, they have little to no movement. They are subdivided on the basis of the types of cartliage.

synovial joints

contain synovial fluid and allows for a considerable movement between bones. they are found primarily in the appendicular skeleton