Biomedical Sciences Nervous System

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Saltatory conduction occurs

at the nodes of Ranvier

Which of these areas is often called the “emotional brain”?

limbic system

In resting neuron:

negatively charged ions move freely throughout the plasma membrane

Resting membrane potential of a neuron is set at

\-70 mV

Which of these activities is regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system?

* arousal
* digestion
* embarrassment
* excitement

digestion

Which cells produce the myelin sheath in the PNS?

Schwann cells

Which cells help form the blood-brain barrier?

astrocytes

The type of cell that produces myelin sheaths around axons in the CNS is the

oligodendrocyte

The depolarizing phase of a nerve impulse is caused by a

rush of Na+ into the neuron

Which of these cells help produce cerebrospinal fluid?

ependymal cells

Action potentials in myelinated neurons begin at

Nodes of Ranvier

Which of these meninges is the most protective?

* subarachnoid space
* arachnoid mater
* pia mater


* dura mater

dura mater

Small masses of tissue located outside the central nervous tissue are called

ganglia

Membrane threshold potential is set at

\-55 mV

Which chemical is required for neurotransmitters to be transported into the synapse?

Ca+2

This area releases the hormone melatonin

pineal gland

Which of these neurotransmitters is released exclusively by the autonomic nervous system?

* norepinephrine
* melatonin
* serotonin
* acetylcholine

norepinephrine

Based on the picture above, which word best describes what is happening at number 1?

the stimulus has occurred

Which of these areas of the brain plays an essential role in awareness and cognition?

* cerebellum
* thalamus
* medulla oblongata
* hypothalamus

thalamus

Which of these is an activity NOT regulated by the hypothalamus

* control of the pituitary gland
* regulation of eating and drinking
* regulation of pineal gland
* regulation of circadian rhythms 

regulation of the pineal gland

Compared to unmyelinated axons, myelinated axons

conduct impulses faster

The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is

repolarization

The period of time during which the neuron cannot generate another action potential is called

refractory period

Processes that receive impulses and conduct them toward the cell body are

dendrites

Which of these is NOT part of a reflex arc?

* sensory neuron
* motor neuron
* hormone
* effectors
* spinal cord

hormone

The visual area of the brain is located in the

occipital lobe

This area connects the two hemispheres of the brain together

corpus callosum

The folds of the brain are called

gyri

This is the white of the eye

sclera

Which of these detects color in the eye?

cones

Identify the structure labelled 5

synaptic terminals

Identify the structure labelled 2

cell body

Which of the following are NOT types of neuroglia?

* ependymal cells
* microglia
* astrocytes
* oligodendrocytes
* interneurons

interneurons

Many medications introduced into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because

the astrocytes isolate the CNS by forming a blood-brain barrier

Damage to ependymal cells would most likely affect the

formation of cerebrospinal fluid

Regions of the CNS where neuron cell bodies dominate constitute the _____ matter

grey matter

The tiny gaps between adjacent Schwann cells are called

nodes

Raising the potassium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid surrounding a nerve cell will have which effect?

hyperpolarizing the membrane potential

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the

subarachnoid space

Which of the following lies between the cerebrum and the brainstem?

* medulla oblongata
* pons
* midbrain
* diencephalon
* cerebellum

diencephalon

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata

The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system is known as the “rest and digest” division

parasympathetic