GPCOM PRELIMS

Communication

The process of meaning-making through a channel or medium in a specific context.

Source or Sender

The person or entity that initiates the communication process by creating and transmitting a message.

Message

The information or content being conveyed by the sender to the receiver.

Channel

The medium through which the message is transmitted from the sender to the receiver.

Receiver

The person or entity for whom the message is intended. They receive and interpret the message sent by the sender.

Feedback

The response or reaction provided by the receiver to the sender after receiving and interpreting the message.

Environment

The condition of the speaker and receiver; physical, emotional, etc.

Context

The interrelated conditions in which communication takes place.

Interference

Communication barriers that may affect communication; psychological, physical, linguistic and cultural barriers.

Clarity

Observed in crafting and delivering messages, avoiding fuzzy language, jargon, clichés, euphemisms, etc.

Concreteness

Being specific in messages by using accurate words and specific data.

Courtesy

Being polite and respectful in words and manner to build goodwill and sustain good relationships.

Correctness

Striving to achieve grammatically correct sentences to avoid meaning inaccuracies.

Consideration

Taking into account the receiver's level of education, race, and other social orientations when crafting and delivering a message.

Creativity

Making messages interesting and captivating by using creative expressions and approaches.

Conciseness

Being direct and simple in messages, making each word count and choosing accurate words to keep messages short.

Cultural Sensitivity

Being attentive to people's cultural differences and avoiding actions or statements that may be insulting or offensive.

Globalization

A multifaceted phenomenon encompassing economic

Cultural Diversity

the existence of different cultures, ethnicities, religions, and languages in a society. It includes various human differences like beliefs, values, customs, traditions, and behaviors.

Cultural Relativism

refers to not judging a culture to our own standards of what is right or wrong, strange or normal

INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE

the ability to communicate, interact, and understand people from different cultures. It involves knowledge, skills, and attitudes for adapting to diverse cultural contexts.

CULTURE

A WAY OF LIVING

ALL KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES SHARED BY A GROUP

A SYSTEM OF BEHAVIOUR THAT HELPS US ACT IN AN ACCEPTED OR FAMILIAR WAY

CULTURAL DIVERSITY

THE EXISTENCE OF A VARIETY OF CULTURAL OR ETHIC GROUPS IN A SOCIETY

INTERCULTURAL KNOWLEGE AND COMPETENCE

"a set of cognitive, affective, and behavioral skills and characteristics that support effective and appropriate interaction in a variety of cultural contexts.”

INTERCULTURALLY COMPETENT PEOPLE

WILL ADJUST THEIR BEHAVIOUR ACCORDING TO THE CONTEXT THEY FIND THEMSELVES IN

individualistic culture

An action is done for the self. Those who belong in this culture will be willing to sacrifice personal relationships if that is necessary for personal gain.

collectivist culture

An action is done for the community or society.

low- context culture

uses direct speech or manner

high-context culture

uses indirect, subtle speech or manner

monochromic culture

strict with time

polychromic culture

flexible with time

low-uncertainty avoidance culture

open to spontaneous decisions and gives leeway

high-uncertainty avoidance culture

very organized so errors are not acceptable; has many rules

low-power distance culture

Everybody is on equal footing.

high-power distance culture

there is hierarchy or ranking in power or status.

masculine culture

Men are dominant or superior in the society over their females.

feminine culture

Women and men have different roles but are both valued equally

short-term orientation culture

Believes in immediate, fast outcomes or performance

long-term orientation culture

Outcomes or performance may take time.

Recognition

The first step is —- what the cultural dilemma may be primary in a situation.

Respect

The second step is —- that there is a dilemma and that both sides of the dilemma have cultural legitimacy.

Reconciliation

The third is —- the dilemma through coming to some sort of agreement that honors all sides. It is looking at a win-win scenario and not a win-lose one.

Realization

the fourth is —— the needed change to sustain a reconciled solution.