Swing phase

Internal Leg rotation

• After toe off, leg continues to externally rotates but only for a little bit

• After that, leg is internally rotating throughout the swing phase
  

  • [how much does the leg internally rotate and why?]

• But the leg does not internally rotate completely in order to allow internal rotation during the contact period 

Internal Leg rotation

• Swing phase vs. Stance phase
  

  • [what drives STJ pronation during the stance phase?]

  • [what drives STJ pronation during the swing phase?] 

• Internal leg rotation during the contact period drives STJ pronation because the foot is in contact with the ground

• But, during the swing phase, muscle contraction causes motion which causes STJ pronation or supination

Slight dorsiflexion of the foot at the subtalar joint accompanies ankle joint dorsiflexion in order to [...] 

get the toes to clear the ground 

Slight dorsiflexion of the foot at the subtalar joint accompanies [...] dorsiflexion in order to get the toes to clear the ground 

ankle joint

Subtalar Joint pronation

• Foot becomes pronated by about [...]% of the gait cycle 

• Continues to pronate a small amount until [...] 

• 70%

• mid-swing 

Subtalar Joint pronation

• Just before toe off in the propulsive period, subtalar starts to pronate from supinated position
  

  • [why?]

  • But supinated position is maintained in the propulsive period

• Due to shift from low gear to high gear axis

Swing Phase (aka open kinetic chain)

• Duration
  

  • [...] to [...] of the same foot

  • Final [...]% of the gait cycle

• Toe off to heel contact of the same foot

• Final 38%

Swing Phase Primary Events

• Internal Leg rotation
  

  • After toe off, leg [internally or externally rotates?]

  • After that, leg [internally or externally rotates?]

• continues to externally rotates but only for a little bit

• is internally rotating throughout the swing phase

Swing Phase Primary Events

• Limb length adjustments
  

  • Lengthening of the limb during last half of swing phase

    • Foot [pronates or supinates] at the subtalar joint

    • Function

      • Helps to prepare for the heel contact period (stabilization)

      • Allows STJ to pronate during the contact period to absorb shock 

supinates

Swing Phase Primary Events

• Limb length adjustments
  

  • Lengthening of the limb during last half of swing phase

    • Foot supinates at the subtalar joint

    • Function

      • [...]

      • [...] 

• Helps to prepare for the heel contact period (stabilization)

• Allows STJ to pronate during the contact period to absorb shock 

Swing Phase Primary Events

• Limb length adjustments
  

  • Shortening of limb during first half of swing phase

    • Foot [pronates or supinates] at the subtalar joint

    • Function: Helps to clear the ground at mid-swing 

pronates

Swing Phase Primary Events

• Limb length adjustments
  

  • Shortening of limb during first half of swing phase

    • Foot pronates at the subtalar joint

    • Function: [...] 

• Helps to clear the ground at mid-swing 

Swing Phase Primary Events

• Limb length adjustments
  

  • [shortening or lenthening] of limb during first half of swing phase

  • [shortening or lenthening] of the limb during last half of swing phase 

• Shortening

• Lengthening

Swing Phase Primary Events

• Transportation of the Foot
  

  • Transporting the foot from one stance phase to the next stance phase

  • Foot from [...] the foot to in [...] of the foot 

behind the foot to in front