Human Anatomy MIDTERM 1

Weeks 1-4

Longitudinal fissure

The cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

Diencephalon

Together the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus are called the

between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater

The term subdural hematoma refers to blood accumulation (in)

cerebrum 

The largest region of the brain is the

Sulci (central, lateral, & parieto-occipital sulcus)

The cortical surface of the cerebral hemispheres forms a series of shallow grooves called

central sulcus

The groove between the frontal and parietal lobes of the brain is (the)

Septum Pellucidum of the Cerebrum

A 67-year-old female was admitted to a hospital after she reported to her primary care physician that she had been having very painful headaches. Further examination revealed the presence of significant increases in intracranial pressure. After viewing a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the neurologist concluded that the woman's condition was due to the presence of a tumor, which is developing along the rostral aspect of the medial wall of the lateral ventricle. Which area of the brain is likely to contain this tumor?

Sweat Gland of the Dermis

What is this?

Right lateral ventricle of the cerebrum

What is this?

left parieto-occipital sulcus of the cerebrum

What is this?

Inferior Nuchal Line of the Occipital Bone

What is this?

Right foramen spinosum of the sphenoid bone

What is this?

Right mastoid process of the temporal bone

What is this?

Simple Squamous of the Epithelium 

A 53-year-old man with a known history of emphysema is examined in the emergency room. Laboratory findings along with examination indicate that the patient is unable to exchange oxygen in the air and carbon dioxide in the blood. This exchange occurs across which type of epithelium?  

Cerebral Hemisphere

• Location: The largest region of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres

• Function: Higher brain functions; reasoning, memory, sensory perception, movement, & language

Frontal Lobe

• Location: Anterior portion of the cerebral hemisphere

• Function: Controls voluntary movement, problem-solving, planning, decision-making, and aspects of personality

Precentral Gyrus

• Location: Ridge immediately anterior to the central sulcus

• Function: The Primary motor cortex initiates voluntary muscle movements 

Parietal Lobe

• Location: Posterior to the frontal lobe and superior to the occipital lobe

• Function: Processes sensory information such as touch, temperature, pressure, and spatial awareness

Postcentral gyrus

• Location: Ridge immediately posterior to the central sulcus in the parietal lobe

• Function: Primary somatosensory cortex; receives sensory input from skin and proprioceptors 

Temporal lobe

• Location: Inferior to the lateral sulcus on each side of the brain

• Function: involved in hearing, language comprehension, and memory

Superior temporal gyrus

• Location: Uppermost ridge of this lobe, just below the lateral sulcus

• Function: contains the primary auditory cortex; processes sound

Middle Temporal Gyrus

• Location: between the superior & inferior ____ gyri

• Function: involved in language processing & sematic memory

Inferior Temporal Gyrus

• Location: Below middle ____ gyrus

• Function: important for object recognition and visual processing

Occipital Lobe

• Location: Posterior portion of the cerebral hemisphere

• Function: Primary visual processing center of the brain

Insular Lobe of the cerebrum

• Location: Deep within the lateral sulcus, beneath the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes

• Function: Involved in taste, visceral sensation, emotional awareness, and homeostatic regulation

Cingulate (Limbic) Gyrus of the cerebrum

• Location: Curves over the corpus callosum, part of the limbic system 

• Function: regulates emotion, motivation, a behavior 

Corpus Callosum of the cerebrum 

• Location: Large C-shaped band of white matter connecting the left and right hemispheres

• Function: Enables communication between the two hemispheres 

Septum Pellucidum of the cerebrum

• Location: thin membrane separating the left and right lateral ventricles, located beneath the corpus callosum 

• Function: Structural partition; may have a role in limbic system signaling 

Fornix of the cerebrum 

• Location: Arched white matter tract beneath the corpus callosum

• Function: connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus 

Lateral Ventricles of the