Studied by 33 people
champa rice
fast-ripening and drought-resistent strain of rice
proto-industrialization
a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell
artisans
skilled craftworkers
scholar gentry
entirely new social class created by bureaucratic expansion; educated in Confucian philosophy
filial piety
the duty of family members to subordinate their desires to those of the male head of the family and ruler
Grand Canal
inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system; extended over 30,000 miles
Song Dynasty
replaced the Tang; ruled for three centuries; prosperous and arts flourished
imperial bureaucracy
a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire’s policies
meritocracy
China’s bureaucratic system; holding power based on merit and ability
woodblock printing
technique for printing text; first used by the Chinese
foot binding
Chinese practice of women tightly bandaging their feet; common among aristocratic families
Buddhism
Theravada Buddhism
form of Buddhism focused on spiritual growth through silent meditation and self-discipline; strongest in Southeast Asia
Mahayana Buddhism
form of Buddhism focused on spiritual growth for all beings on service; strongest in China and Korea
Tibetan Buddhism
form of Buddhism focused on chanting; strongest in Tibet
syncretic
fused
Chan (Zen) Buddhism
syncretic faith of Buddhist doctrines combined with elements of Daoist traditions
Neo-confucianism
a syncretic system combining rational thought with abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism
Heian period
a period in which Japan emulated Chinese traditions in politics, art, and literature
nuclear families
a family with just a wife, husband, and their children
polygyny
the practice of having more than one wife at the same time
Mamluk Sultanate
established in Egypt after the Mamluks seized control of the government
Seljuk Turks
Central Asian Muslims who challenged the Abbasids
sultan
Seljuk leader
Mongols
from Central Asia; ended the Seljuk rule
Abbasid Caliphate
Arab Dynasty led by Arabs and Persians
Mamluks
enslaved people purchased by Arabs; frequently ethnic Turls from Central Asia; served as soldiers and later as bureaucrats
Muhammad
founder of Islam
Crusaders
European Christian soldiers who sought to reopen access to Jerusalem
Sufis
dimension of Islam; emphasized introspection to grasp truths they believed couldn’t be understood by learning
House of Wisdom
renowned center of learning in Baghdad
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
celebrated Islamic scholars; contirbuted to astronomy, law, logic, ethics, mathematics, philosophy and medicine
‘A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah
most prolific female Muslim writer before 20th century
Vijayanagara Empire
kingdom founded by two Hindu brothers who converted to Islam for upward mobility
Rajput kingdoms
Hindu kingdoms led by leaders of numerous clans; in India and present-day Pakistan
Delhi Sultanate
Islamic empire in the city of Delhi; brought Islam into India
Srivijaya Empire
Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra; prospered by charging fees for ships and traveling between India and China
Majahapit Kingdom
based on Java; sustained its power controlling seat routes; Buddhist
Sinhala dynasties
located in Sri Lanka; roots in arrival of immigrants from North India; drew power from control over land
Khmer Empire
Angkor Kingdom; did not depend on maritime prowess for its power
Sukhothai Kingdom
kingdom in Thailand; Thais of this area invaded the Angkor Wat Buddhist temple complex
proselytize
actively seek converts
Bhakti Movement
started in southern India; focus on developing a strong attachment to a particular deity
Qutub Minar
Islamic architecture; built during Delhi Sultanate, mosque on a Hindu temple
Urdu
language melding grammatical pattern of Hindi, vocab or Arabic, and some elements of Farsi
Mississippian
First large-scale civilization in North America; started near Mississippi River Valley
matrilineal society
social standing determined by the woman’s side of the family
Cahokia
largest mound built by the Mississippians
city-states
main form of Mayan government; ruled by a king and consisting of a city and its surrounding territory
Mexica
The Aztecs, originally hunter-gathers who migrated to Mexico
theocracy
rule by religious leaders
Pachacuti
conquering tribes near modern-day Peru and combined them into the Incan Empire
mit’a system
mandatory public service for the Incas
Carpa Nan
roadway system built by Incas; used by the government and military
Temple of the Sun
core of Incan religion; Incan temple to honor the sun and royal
animism
belief that elements of the physical world could have supernatural powers
kin-based networks
families governed themselves
Swahili
language that blended Bantu and Arabic
Zanj Rebellion
a series of revolts led by enslaved East Africans and Arab workers
trans-Saharan trade
network of trading routes across the great desert
Great Zimbabwe
wall of stone constructed around Zimbabwe; first large wall on the continent
Hausa Kingdoms
seven states formed by the people of Hausa
Mali
rose in the place of the weakened Ghanian state
Magna Carta
required the king to respect certain rights; King John forced to sign
Manors
large fiefs or estates
Manorial System
a system that provided economic self sufficiency and defense
three-field system
crops were rotated through three fields; one for wheat or rye for food, one for legumes to fertilize soil, third field remained fallow
fuedalism
decentralized political organization based on a system of exchanges of land for loyalty
serf
peasants; not enslaved but tied to the land
primogeniture
rules in which the eldest son inherited the entire estate
bourgeoisie; burghers
the middle class; included shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople, and small landholders
Estates-General
a body to advise the king; included representatives from each of the three legal classes
estates
the legal classes in France
Otto I
German King crowned Holy Roman Emperor
Marco Polo
Italian native from Venice; wrote about the customs of the people he wrote in his visit to the court of Kublai Khan
Renaissance
a period characterized by a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature art, culture, and civic virtue
humanism
focus on individuals rather than God
Great Schism
a split in the Christian Church in Europe; Orthodox Church in the east, Roman Catholic Church in most of Europe
antisemitism
anti-jewish sentiment; widespread among Christians
little ice age
five-century cooling of the climate
lay investiture controversy
a dispute over whether a secular/non-religious leader, rather than the Pope, could invest bishops with symbols of the office
